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<p>The impoundment of large reservoirs often reactivates ancient landslides, posing significant risks to infrastructure such as tunnels that traverse these unstable slopes. This study investigates the deformation behavior of the Dawanzi (DWZ) tunnel, which orthogonally passes through the Tuandigou (TDG) landslide in the Baihetan Reservoir Region, China. Field monitoring, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis were employed to examine the interaction between the landslide and the tunnel during reservoir impounding. Results indicate that the TDG landslide, initially stable, experienced accelerated deformation when the reservoir water level exceeded 810 m, with cumulative surface displacements reaching 299.1–1146.8 mm by January 2023. Correspondingly, the tunnel section within the landslide (K8 + 479—K8 + 553) exhibited significant distress, including concrete cracking, spalling, and diameter expansion. Numerical simulations revealed a reduction in the landslide safety factor with rising water levels, and an elastic beam model was applied to analyze the tunnel-landslide interaction mechanism. To ensure long-term safety, a rerouting scheme for the affected tunnel section is proposed, bypassing the landslide area. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and risk mitigation of tunnels in reservoir-affected landslide regions.</p>

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The effect of reservoir impoundment on the deformation of the tunnel inside a reactive landslide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Shiqi Liu,
  • Zhichao Cheng,
  • Huanling Wang,
  • Rubin Wang,
  • Jue Huang

摘要

The impoundment of large reservoirs often reactivates ancient landslides, posing significant risks to infrastructure such as tunnels that traverse these unstable slopes. This study investigates the deformation behavior of the Dawanzi (DWZ) tunnel, which orthogonally passes through the Tuandigou (TDG) landslide in the Baihetan Reservoir Region, China. Field monitoring, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis were employed to examine the interaction between the landslide and the tunnel during reservoir impounding. Results indicate that the TDG landslide, initially stable, experienced accelerated deformation when the reservoir water level exceeded 810 m, with cumulative surface displacements reaching 299.1–1146.8 mm by January 2023. Correspondingly, the tunnel section within the landslide (K8 + 479—K8 + 553) exhibited significant distress, including concrete cracking, spalling, and diameter expansion. Numerical simulations revealed a reduction in the landslide safety factor with rising water levels, and an elastic beam model was applied to analyze the tunnel-landslide interaction mechanism. To ensure long-term safety, a rerouting scheme for the affected tunnel section is proposed, bypassing the landslide area. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and risk mitigation of tunnels in reservoir-affected landslide regions.