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<p>As resource extraction progresses into deeper strata, traditional hydraulic fracturing techniques encountered technical drawbacks in high-pressure, high-temperature environments, including elevated fracture initiation pressures and limited fracture propagation. Hydrothermal phase-change fracturing technology generated high-pressure steam through instantaneous thermal-driven fluid phase-change, offering a novel technical approach for deep-seated resource extraction. The research conducted a systematic investigation into the true triaxial experiments and fracture initiation mechanisms associated with this technology, yielding the following principal findings: (1) For deep high-stress environments, a true triaxial hydrothermal phase-change fracturing experimental system was constructed, enabling the controlled generation of high-temperature, high-pressure fluids alongside real-time multi-parameter monitoring. (2) The experiment revealed the governing principle of fluid release pressure on fracture propagation, which showed that when the release pressure increased from 26.66&#xa0;MPa to 55.25&#xa0;MPa, the total fracture length increased by 66.7% and the fractal dimension grew. (3) A fracture initiation model incorporating thermal damage was established, theoretically demonstrating that thermal stresses can reduce the critical fracture pressure by 16.4%–20.8%, significantly enhancing fracture efficiency. (4) The multi-peak propagation characteristics and energy dissipation patterns of pulse pressure waves were found, providing a theoretical basis for optimising fracturing parameters. The study provided an efficient and feasible technical solution for the modification of deep high-stress reservoirs, laying the research foundation for fluid fracturing technology in oil and gas development.</p>

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Experimental and principle study on thermal fracturing of hydrothermal phase-change fluids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Shaobin Hu,
  • Yifan Chen,
  • Enyuan Wang,
  • Zhoujie Gu,
  • Xin Zhou,
  • Qiming Zhang,
  • Xiaofei Wang

摘要

As resource extraction progresses into deeper strata, traditional hydraulic fracturing techniques encountered technical drawbacks in high-pressure, high-temperature environments, including elevated fracture initiation pressures and limited fracture propagation. Hydrothermal phase-change fracturing technology generated high-pressure steam through instantaneous thermal-driven fluid phase-change, offering a novel technical approach for deep-seated resource extraction. The research conducted a systematic investigation into the true triaxial experiments and fracture initiation mechanisms associated with this technology, yielding the following principal findings: (1) For deep high-stress environments, a true triaxial hydrothermal phase-change fracturing experimental system was constructed, enabling the controlled generation of high-temperature, high-pressure fluids alongside real-time multi-parameter monitoring. (2) The experiment revealed the governing principle of fluid release pressure on fracture propagation, which showed that when the release pressure increased from 26.66 MPa to 55.25 MPa, the total fracture length increased by 66.7% and the fractal dimension grew. (3) A fracture initiation model incorporating thermal damage was established, theoretically demonstrating that thermal stresses can reduce the critical fracture pressure by 16.4%–20.8%, significantly enhancing fracture efficiency. (4) The multi-peak propagation characteristics and energy dissipation patterns of pulse pressure waves were found, providing a theoretical basis for optimising fracturing parameters. The study provided an efficient and feasible technical solution for the modification of deep high-stress reservoirs, laying the research foundation for fluid fracturing technology in oil and gas development.