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<p>Accurate monitoring of hydraulic fractures is essential for optimizing well productivity and enhancing reservoir recovery. This study employs Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) technology to monitor high-resolution strain-field evolution during hydraulic fracture propagation. A strain-field imaging algorithm based on the Renka-Cline interpolation method is integrated with true triaxial physical simulation experiments to achieve four-dimensional monitoring of strain evolution in multilayered rock masses. The effects of outer wrapping layer thickness and bedding plane (BP) strength on strain development are systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that strain evolution images can effectively delineate fracture and impact zones during hydraulic fracturing. For Sample No.1, the fracture-zone proportion increased from 0.06% before fracture initiation to 11.90% before pumping cessation, and then rapidly decreased to 0.30% after shut-in, indicating significant strain recovery. In contrast, the thicker wrapping layer in Sample No.2 promoted larger fracture-zone expansion, with the fracture-zone proportion increasing to 43.89% before shut-in and remaining at 31.00% afterward. High-strength BP samples exhibited localized high-strain concentration and limited recovery, with the fracture-zone proportion in Sample No.3 decreasing only slightly from 19.21% to 16.66% after shut-in. The proposed framework provides a high-resolution basis for fracture evaluation and well-spacing optimization in unconventional reservoirs.</p>

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Real-time strain evolution and fracture dynamic response in laminated rock during hydraulic fracturing based on OFDR technology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Xin’ao Zhang,
  • Yintong Guo,
  • Boyu Zhao,
  • Wuhao Guo

摘要

Accurate monitoring of hydraulic fractures is essential for optimizing well productivity and enhancing reservoir recovery. This study employs Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) technology to monitor high-resolution strain-field evolution during hydraulic fracture propagation. A strain-field imaging algorithm based on the Renka-Cline interpolation method is integrated with true triaxial physical simulation experiments to achieve four-dimensional monitoring of strain evolution in multilayered rock masses. The effects of outer wrapping layer thickness and bedding plane (BP) strength on strain development are systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that strain evolution images can effectively delineate fracture and impact zones during hydraulic fracturing. For Sample No.1, the fracture-zone proportion increased from 0.06% before fracture initiation to 11.90% before pumping cessation, and then rapidly decreased to 0.30% after shut-in, indicating significant strain recovery. In contrast, the thicker wrapping layer in Sample No.2 promoted larger fracture-zone expansion, with the fracture-zone proportion increasing to 43.89% before shut-in and remaining at 31.00% afterward. High-strength BP samples exhibited localized high-strain concentration and limited recovery, with the fracture-zone proportion in Sample No.3 decreasing only slightly from 19.21% to 16.66% after shut-in. The proposed framework provides a high-resolution basis for fracture evaluation and well-spacing optimization in unconventional reservoirs.