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<p>To address the inadequate bearing capacity of crane operation platforms in wind farms constructed on soft ground and to promote the resource utilization of industrial by-products, this study employed ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), carbide slag (CS), and phosphogypsum (PG) to reinforce in-situ muddy soil, forming a solidified crust over soft ground (SCSG). The bearing behavior and environmental characteristics of the SCSG were comprehensively investigated. First, response surface methodology was adopted to determine the optimal mix proportion of GGBS, CS, and PG for the in-situ muddy soil, designated as GCP. Subsequently, a series of field plate loading tests, pH measurements, heavy metal leaching tests, and analyses of hydration products and microstructural morphology, were performed on both GCP-SCSG (GCP dosage of 70 ~ 140&#xa0;kg·m<sup>−3</sup> with treatment depths of 1.5 ~ 3.0&#xa0;m) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-SCSG (OPC dosage of 100&#xa0;kg·m<sup>−3</sup> with a treatment depth of 2.0&#xa0;m). The characteristic bearing capacity, deformation modulus, and stress diffusion angle of GCP-SCSG were comparatively evaluated against those of OPC-SCSG, while its environmental compatibility was assessed based on pH variation and the leaching concentrations of Cr, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Furthermore, the mechanisms of ground reinforcement and heavy metal stabilization by GCP and OPC were compared and discussed. The findings are expected to provide valuable references and practical insights for the effective utilization of industrial by-products in soft ground solidification.</p>

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Industrial by-products solidified crust over soft soil in a wind farm: load-bearing behaviors and environmental characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Yaohui Zang,
  • Liujiang Wang,
  • Zongliang Zhang,
  • Biao Liu,
  • Yang Lu,
  • Bingxuan Liu,
  • Haitao Zhao,
  • Sihong Liu

摘要

To address the inadequate bearing capacity of crane operation platforms in wind farms constructed on soft ground and to promote the resource utilization of industrial by-products, this study employed ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), carbide slag (CS), and phosphogypsum (PG) to reinforce in-situ muddy soil, forming a solidified crust over soft ground (SCSG). The bearing behavior and environmental characteristics of the SCSG were comprehensively investigated. First, response surface methodology was adopted to determine the optimal mix proportion of GGBS, CS, and PG for the in-situ muddy soil, designated as GCP. Subsequently, a series of field plate loading tests, pH measurements, heavy metal leaching tests, and analyses of hydration products and microstructural morphology, were performed on both GCP-SCSG (GCP dosage of 70 ~ 140 kg·m−3 with treatment depths of 1.5 ~ 3.0 m) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-SCSG (OPC dosage of 100 kg·m−3 with a treatment depth of 2.0 m). The characteristic bearing capacity, deformation modulus, and stress diffusion angle of GCP-SCSG were comparatively evaluated against those of OPC-SCSG, while its environmental compatibility was assessed based on pH variation and the leaching concentrations of Cr, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Furthermore, the mechanisms of ground reinforcement and heavy metal stabilization by GCP and OPC were compared and discussed. The findings are expected to provide valuable references and practical insights for the effective utilization of industrial by-products in soft ground solidification.