Integration of terrestrial and UAV-based remote sensing techniques for comprehensive rock mass characterization in small-scale slopes
摘要
Remote sensing technologies have revolutionized the field of rock engineering by enabling high-precision multi-scale data acquisition needed for geotechnical and engineering geological applications. This study explores the integrated application of terrestrial and uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing techniques to overcome the limitations of individual techniques, providing a hierarchical approach to capturing the structural and geotechnical properties of rock masses in small-scale (several meters to tens of meters) natural slopes and slope cuts. The combined datasets enable the quantification of fundamental parameters for rock mass characterization. UAV LiDAR’s ability to penetrate vegetation and cover extensive, inaccessible areas is complemented by the millimeter scale resolution of terrestrial laser scanning and the submillimeter precision of a handheld metrology-grade LiDAR, facilitating detailed analyses of a wide range of rock mass elements from macroscopic structural features to millimetre-scale discontinuity surface roughness. The laser scanning techniques are complemented by photogrammetric and thermal analyses. This integrated approach provides information to create robust geomechanical models that support slope stability analysis, failure mechanism prediction and the optimization of engineering designs in complex and dynamic geological environments. The findings in this paper highlight the importance of multi-sensor strategies to achieve accurate, scalable, and context specific rock mass characterization while also discussing the challenges, limitations, and potential engineering applications of each technique.