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<p>Relatively isolated and heterogeneous monitoring systems often face challenges in their use for comprehensively revealing the evolution of deformation and trends in the stability of large-scale ancient landslides along reservoir banks. This limitation hinders the effectiveness of disaster mitigation efforts and risk management strategies. In this study, a multidimensional observation network that integrates interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) monitoring, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) surface displacement monitoring, and inclinometer-based subsurface groundwater and displacement measurements is proposed. By synthesizing multisource heterogeneous data, the system was applied to the Tanjia River landslide, a large-scale ancient reservoir bank landslide that has undergone continuous creep deformation. The network comprehensively captured the characteristics of the spatiotemporal deformation of the landslide, revealing that the deformation was influenced by a combination of buoyancy weight-reducing landslides and hydrodynamic effects. Moreover, the universal distinct element code (UDEC) discrete element method was used to simulate the subsurface seepage field, stress field, and displacement field of the Tanjiahe landslide. The simulation results were cross-validated with monitoring data, revealing the deformation and failure of the Tanjiahe landslide under extreme conditions. In this study, an example of a practical application of combining a multidimensional observation network with numerical simulation techniques is presented. This research contributes to advancing landslide monitoring systems and to deepening the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the deformation evolution of large-scale ancient reservoir bank landslides.</p>

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Insights into the deformation mechanisms of reservoir landslides: multidimensional observations and UDEC numerical simulations related to the Tanjiahe landslide (China)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Wenzheng Xu,
  • Wenkai Feng,
  • Xiaoyu Yi,
  • Shuqiang Lu,
  • Yongjian Zhou,
  • Jiachen Zhao

摘要

Relatively isolated and heterogeneous monitoring systems often face challenges in their use for comprehensively revealing the evolution of deformation and trends in the stability of large-scale ancient landslides along reservoir banks. This limitation hinders the effectiveness of disaster mitigation efforts and risk management strategies. In this study, a multidimensional observation network that integrates interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) monitoring, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) surface displacement monitoring, and inclinometer-based subsurface groundwater and displacement measurements is proposed. By synthesizing multisource heterogeneous data, the system was applied to the Tanjia River landslide, a large-scale ancient reservoir bank landslide that has undergone continuous creep deformation. The network comprehensively captured the characteristics of the spatiotemporal deformation of the landslide, revealing that the deformation was influenced by a combination of buoyancy weight-reducing landslides and hydrodynamic effects. Moreover, the universal distinct element code (UDEC) discrete element method was used to simulate the subsurface seepage field, stress field, and displacement field of the Tanjiahe landslide. The simulation results were cross-validated with monitoring data, revealing the deformation and failure of the Tanjiahe landslide under extreme conditions. In this study, an example of a practical application of combining a multidimensional observation network with numerical simulation techniques is presented. This research contributes to advancing landslide monitoring systems and to deepening the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the deformation evolution of large-scale ancient reservoir bank landslides.