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<p>Retrogressive landslides, driven by the synergistic effects of engineering disturbances and heavy rainfall, pose significant geological hazards in southwestern China. This paper presents a detailed case study of a retrogressive landslide in Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China, characterized by prolonged, staged development with deformation failures in 2011, 2014, and 2020, interspersed with stabilization interventions. Through comprehensive field investigations and monitoring data analysis, this study elucidates the landslide’s formation mechanism, emphasizing the coupled crack-rainfall process. Results demonstrate that toe excavation initiated slope support loss and surface crack formation. Subsequently, the coupling of rainfall infiltration and crack propagation significantly altered the soil’s physical and mechanical properties, leading to progressive, bottom-to-top retrogressive failure. The observed deformation pattern, characterized by gradual retreat, confirms the retrogressive nature of the landslide. Excavation is identified as the primary initiating factor, while the coupled crack-rainfall mechanism served as the dominant controlling factor for subsequent deformation. Therefore, effective landslide mitigation in this region must prioritize addressing the synergistic influence of cracks and rainfall, implementing strategies such as surface crack filling, enhanced drainage, and robust retaining structures.</p>

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Coupled crack-rainfall mechanism of a retrogressive landslide: field investigation and monitoring in Southwest China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Qiuxiang Huang,
  • Shupeng Li,
  • Meiling Xiong,
  • Chu Zhang,
  • Yan Zhou

摘要

Retrogressive landslides, driven by the synergistic effects of engineering disturbances and heavy rainfall, pose significant geological hazards in southwestern China. This paper presents a detailed case study of a retrogressive landslide in Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China, characterized by prolonged, staged development with deformation failures in 2011, 2014, and 2020, interspersed with stabilization interventions. Through comprehensive field investigations and monitoring data analysis, this study elucidates the landslide’s formation mechanism, emphasizing the coupled crack-rainfall process. Results demonstrate that toe excavation initiated slope support loss and surface crack formation. Subsequently, the coupling of rainfall infiltration and crack propagation significantly altered the soil’s physical and mechanical properties, leading to progressive, bottom-to-top retrogressive failure. The observed deformation pattern, characterized by gradual retreat, confirms the retrogressive nature of the landslide. Excavation is identified as the primary initiating factor, while the coupled crack-rainfall mechanism served as the dominant controlling factor for subsequent deformation. Therefore, effective landslide mitigation in this region must prioritize addressing the synergistic influence of cracks and rainfall, implementing strategies such as surface crack filling, enhanced drainage, and robust retaining structures.