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<p>Coastal facilities in reclamation areas are likely to be exposed to earthquakes and strong ocean waves during their long-term service. Calcareous sand, which is regarded as unique marine deposit, serves as the primary hydraulic filler for reclamation projects. A thorough comprehension of the cyclic and monotonic shear properties of calcareous sand is essential for ensuring the security of reef island structures when subjected to dynamic loads. This study conducts a systematic set of cyclic and monotonic triaxial shear tests on calcareous sand with various relative densities, confining pressures, and cyclic stress ratios. The measured results indicate that these parameters significantly affect the evolution tendency of the excess pore water pressure, axial deformation, and energy dissipation. Different failure patterns of calcareous sand under cyclic loading are observed. Meanwhile, the liquefaction strength of calcareous sand rises with higher density and falls with greater confining pressure. The connection between normalized liquefaction strength and static shear strengths at the phase transformation state is established through monotonic testing. This correlation is linked with the grading characteristics of calcareous sand.</p>

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Monotonic and cyclic shear response of calcareous sand retrieved from South China Sea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Yang Wu,
  • Neng Li,
  • Fulin Zhou,
  • Linxuan Pan,
  • Xinzhi Wang,
  • Jie Cui,
  • Yamamoto Haruyuki,
  • Liwei Wen,
  • Weifeng Peng

摘要

Coastal facilities in reclamation areas are likely to be exposed to earthquakes and strong ocean waves during their long-term service. Calcareous sand, which is regarded as unique marine deposit, serves as the primary hydraulic filler for reclamation projects. A thorough comprehension of the cyclic and monotonic shear properties of calcareous sand is essential for ensuring the security of reef island structures when subjected to dynamic loads. This study conducts a systematic set of cyclic and monotonic triaxial shear tests on calcareous sand with various relative densities, confining pressures, and cyclic stress ratios. The measured results indicate that these parameters significantly affect the evolution tendency of the excess pore water pressure, axial deformation, and energy dissipation. Different failure patterns of calcareous sand under cyclic loading are observed. Meanwhile, the liquefaction strength of calcareous sand rises with higher density and falls with greater confining pressure. The connection between normalized liquefaction strength and static shear strengths at the phase transformation state is established through monotonic testing. This correlation is linked with the grading characteristics of calcareous sand.