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<p>Karst-related hazards threaten the stability of transportation infrastructure. Single geophysical methods are often limited by interpretive non-uniqueness. This work developed an integrated exploration framework that combines electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW), borehole drilling, and water pressure tests to evaluate the adverse geology and grouting quality underlying roadbeds in karst regions, as applied to a section of the Weilai High-Speed Railway. Results show that while MASW offered limited resolution, ERT provided higher accuracy yet remains ambiguous in distinguishing lithological variations from karst cavities. A synergistic strategy (anchored by ERT, supplemented by MASW, and validated by drilling) was proposed, significantly improving detection reliability and clarifying the distribution of adverse geology. Grouting effectiveness was assessed through an integrated qualitative and quantitative evaluation combining geophysical data, rock quality designation, and permeability, confirming that grouting enhances both rock mass integrity and impermeability. This work established a practical “detection–evaluation” technical workflow for roadbed engineering in karst environments.</p>

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An integrated exploration framework for evaluating adverse geology and grouting quality underlying roadbeds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Xingzhi Ba,
  • Wang Pan,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Lei Cao,
  • Kai Wang,
  • Zenghui Kan

摘要

Karst-related hazards threaten the stability of transportation infrastructure. Single geophysical methods are often limited by interpretive non-uniqueness. This work developed an integrated exploration framework that combines electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW), borehole drilling, and water pressure tests to evaluate the adverse geology and grouting quality underlying roadbeds in karst regions, as applied to a section of the Weilai High-Speed Railway. Results show that while MASW offered limited resolution, ERT provided higher accuracy yet remains ambiguous in distinguishing lithological variations from karst cavities. A synergistic strategy (anchored by ERT, supplemented by MASW, and validated by drilling) was proposed, significantly improving detection reliability and clarifying the distribution of adverse geology. Grouting effectiveness was assessed through an integrated qualitative and quantitative evaluation combining geophysical data, rock quality designation, and permeability, confirming that grouting enhances both rock mass integrity and impermeability. This work established a practical “detection–evaluation” technical workflow for roadbed engineering in karst environments.