<p>Seismic resilience plays a crucial role in assessing structural seismic performance. However, there is currently a lack of assessment regarding the seismic resilience of mountain tunnels. We developed a mountain tunnel model that considers terrain features, selected appropriate evaluation indicators, and conducted incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) to obtain seismic fragility curves based on different damage states. By establishing rational functionality restoration functions, we calculated the resilience index of tunnels, thus constructing an assessment framework for evaluating the seismic resilience of mountain tunnels. We conducted seismic resilience analysis on mountain tunnels under near-fault (NF) and far-field (FF) earthquakes, aiming to reveal the impact of different ground motion characteristics on the seismic resilience of mountain tunnels. The research findings indicate that various types of ground motion have significantly different effects on the seismic resilience of mountain tunnels, with NF pulse-like ground motions leading to more severe structural damage. Compared to other types of ground motion, seismic effects from near-fault fling step (NFFS) and near-fault forward directivity (NFFD) ground motions result in a significant decrease in post-earthquake residual functionality, leading to a noticeable reduction in tunnel seismic resilience, with the resilience index of NFFS lower than that of NFFD. Furthermore, the PGV/PGA ratio significantly affects the seismic resilience of mountain tunnels in near-fault earthquakes. Compared to a low PGV/PGA ratio, a high PGV/PGA ratio results in greater damage to mountain tunnels and smaller resilience indices.</p>