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<p>Earth dams with embedded structures such as culverts and pipelines are essential components of modern hydraulic systems, facilitating water diversion, drainage, flood discharge, and cross-dam transport. However, these internal inclusions create material discontinuities and weak interfaces, making the dam susceptible to seepage-induced damage. This study investigates the mechanisms of contact leakage and the effectiveness of polymer grouting repair through a comprehensive framework integrating theory, full-scale physical testing, and numerical modeling. A full-scale embankment model with dual embedded pipelines was constructed to replicate seepage damage under controlled hydraulic loading. Advanced multi-sensor monitoring alongside geophysical techniques accurately captured the initiation and development of seepage and enabled precise localization of defects. Two polymer grout types—expandable and permeable—were applied for targeted remediation. Results show that by precisely controlling the rates of gas generation and curing during the polymerization process, porous foam or network gel microstructures are formed. These microstructures not only effectively densify and block seepage pathways but also significantly improve interfacial adhesion, reduce internal friction, and enhance the overall load-bearing capacity and deformation compatibility of the interface, thus realizing a synergistic sealing and flow-guiding effect. A validated 3D dam-pipeline coupled numerical model through test results was developed to simulate seepage-stress interaction and assess dam stability before and after repair using the strength reduction method. The findings highlight the critical role of interface conditions in seepage damage and demonstrate the engineering feasibility of polymer grouting repair technology for embedded pipeline dams.</p>

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Investigating seepage failure mechanisms and polymer grouting effectiveness in pipeline-embedded dams using experimental and simulation approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Pengfei Li,
  • Jun Liu,
  • Fuming Wang,
  • Chuhao Huang,
  • Chengchao Guo,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Dongkun Liu,
  • Yanjie Hao,
  • Wenbin Ye

摘要

Earth dams with embedded structures such as culverts and pipelines are essential components of modern hydraulic systems, facilitating water diversion, drainage, flood discharge, and cross-dam transport. However, these internal inclusions create material discontinuities and weak interfaces, making the dam susceptible to seepage-induced damage. This study investigates the mechanisms of contact leakage and the effectiveness of polymer grouting repair through a comprehensive framework integrating theory, full-scale physical testing, and numerical modeling. A full-scale embankment model with dual embedded pipelines was constructed to replicate seepage damage under controlled hydraulic loading. Advanced multi-sensor monitoring alongside geophysical techniques accurately captured the initiation and development of seepage and enabled precise localization of defects. Two polymer grout types—expandable and permeable—were applied for targeted remediation. Results show that by precisely controlling the rates of gas generation and curing during the polymerization process, porous foam or network gel microstructures are formed. These microstructures not only effectively densify and block seepage pathways but also significantly improve interfacial adhesion, reduce internal friction, and enhance the overall load-bearing capacity and deformation compatibility of the interface, thus realizing a synergistic sealing and flow-guiding effect. A validated 3D dam-pipeline coupled numerical model through test results was developed to simulate seepage-stress interaction and assess dam stability before and after repair using the strength reduction method. The findings highlight the critical role of interface conditions in seepage damage and demonstrate the engineering feasibility of polymer grouting repair technology for embedded pipeline dams.