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<p>The long-term durability of embankments under complex environmental conditions is a critical issue in civil engineering. This study investigated the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of compacted loess subjected to wet-dry (WD) and wet-dry-freeze-thaw (WDFT) cycles. A series of experiments were conducted under various cyclic conditions and frequencies. The performance degradation mechanisms of loess embankments were elucidated by analyzing changes in strength indicators and microstructural parameters. The results show that strength degradation stabilized after seven cycles. Specifically, WD and WDFT cycles reduced cohesion by 33.19% and 39.31%, respectively. The internal friction angle remained relatively unchanged. Additionally, the total pore area increased significantly, and pore shape and particle orientation thresholds also rose after seven cycles. These changes indicate that repeated cycling weakens the cementation of clay particles and enhances pore connectivity. Furthermore, particle rounding and alignment under pressure caused the loess structure to become more uniform. Compared to single WD cycles, the WDFT cycles resulted in more severe strength degradation and damage. To mitigate these detrimental effects, we recommend implementing insulation or anti-freezing measures within the subgrade. Enhancing the drainage infrastructure to regulate moisture levels is also crucial. Such recommendations were pivotal for the design of resilient loess structures in harsh environmental conditions.</p>

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Performance degradation of compacted loess under wet-dry-freeze-thaw cycles: implications for engineering durability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Yinuo Feng,
  • Zheng Lu,
  • Yang Zhao,
  • Chuxuan Tang,
  • Huatao Wang,
  • Shenghai Zhang,
  • Yaohua Hu

摘要

The long-term durability of embankments under complex environmental conditions is a critical issue in civil engineering. This study investigated the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of compacted loess subjected to wet-dry (WD) and wet-dry-freeze-thaw (WDFT) cycles. A series of experiments were conducted under various cyclic conditions and frequencies. The performance degradation mechanisms of loess embankments were elucidated by analyzing changes in strength indicators and microstructural parameters. The results show that strength degradation stabilized after seven cycles. Specifically, WD and WDFT cycles reduced cohesion by 33.19% and 39.31%, respectively. The internal friction angle remained relatively unchanged. Additionally, the total pore area increased significantly, and pore shape and particle orientation thresholds also rose after seven cycles. These changes indicate that repeated cycling weakens the cementation of clay particles and enhances pore connectivity. Furthermore, particle rounding and alignment under pressure caused the loess structure to become more uniform. Compared to single WD cycles, the WDFT cycles resulted in more severe strength degradation and damage. To mitigate these detrimental effects, we recommend implementing insulation or anti-freezing measures within the subgrade. Enhancing the drainage infrastructure to regulate moisture levels is also crucial. Such recommendations were pivotal for the design of resilient loess structures in harsh environmental conditions.