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<p>This study investigates the influence of mineral composition transformation on the collapse mechanism of Lanzhou loess under varying immersion conditions. Lanzhou loess, along with albite, calcite, and dolomite, was used as experimental material. X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, and laser diffraction particle size analysis were conducted after different immersion durations to assess mineral composition, ion concentrations, and particle size distributions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine particle contacts and pore structures. Within the first 0–24&#xa0;h of immersion, the dissolution of soluble salts and carbonates disrupted cementing contacts, resulting in rapid pore collapse and structural failure. Between 24 and 336&#xa0;h, albite underwent hydration and fracturing, which further weakened the loess framework and led to continued subsidence. From 336 to 672&#xa0;h, secondary minerals such as quartz, montmorillonite, and kaolinite—generated from feldspar hydration—began to fill the pores, reducing pore size, increasing pore quantity, and gradually stabilizing the microstructure. At this stage, the collapse process was nearly complete. These findings provide a theoretical basis for engineering practices in the Lanzhou area and enhance understanding of collapsible loess behavior under water infiltration.</p>

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Mechanisms of mineralogical transformation and microstructural characteristics of loess during hydrocollapse

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Deren Liu,
  • Shuaiqun Wang,
  • Xu Wang,
  • Shengjun Shao,
  • Yanjie Zhang

摘要

This study investigates the influence of mineral composition transformation on the collapse mechanism of Lanzhou loess under varying immersion conditions. Lanzhou loess, along with albite, calcite, and dolomite, was used as experimental material. X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, and laser diffraction particle size analysis were conducted after different immersion durations to assess mineral composition, ion concentrations, and particle size distributions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine particle contacts and pore structures. Within the first 0–24 h of immersion, the dissolution of soluble salts and carbonates disrupted cementing contacts, resulting in rapid pore collapse and structural failure. Between 24 and 336 h, albite underwent hydration and fracturing, which further weakened the loess framework and led to continued subsidence. From 336 to 672 h, secondary minerals such as quartz, montmorillonite, and kaolinite—generated from feldspar hydration—began to fill the pores, reducing pore size, increasing pore quantity, and gradually stabilizing the microstructure. At this stage, the collapse process was nearly complete. These findings provide a theoretical basis for engineering practices in the Lanzhou area and enhance understanding of collapsible loess behavior under water infiltration.