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<p>Giant landslides and the resulting impulse waves during water level fluctuation are critical concerns in reservoir management, potentially resulting in catastrophic loss. Herein, we conduct a comprehensive field survey and real-time displacement monitoring to elucidate the deformation characteristics and mechanisms of the Jiaowu landslide and potential impulse wave hazard. The Jiaowu landslide, approximately 25&#xa0;million m<sup>3</sup>, has experienced severe deformation following recent impoundment, posing risks of instability and potential impulse waves. Incorporating the drift-flux model and RNG turbulence model in FLOW3D, the study explores the effects of fluvial topography, exemplified by an “S”-shaped river channel, and water level fluctuation on wave propagation and inundation through the near- and far-field simulations. Numerical methods are validated by reproducing a previous experiment and a real event in the study area. It is observed that the landslide deformation decreases along the streamwise direction due to the river scouring, with an overall movement along the slip surface. The primary source area, around 10&#xa0;million m<sup>3</sup>, may completely slide into the reservoir. At lower water levels, wave energy increases due to changes in the landslide’s center of gravity relative to the water surface. Significantly amplified wave heights are observed at the river channel corner owing to the overlap of initial and refracted waves. These amplifications reoccur due to wave focusing when the river channel becomes narrower and shallower. Furthermore, different water levels cause various change rates of run-up heights/elevations. This study offers deep insights into preventing giant landslides and the resulting impulse waves.</p>

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Assessment of potential impulse waves from a giant landslide during impoundment in the Lianghekou reservoir (China)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Ningjie Li,
  • Xinli Hu,
  • Shuangshuang Wu,
  • Hongchao Zheng,
  • Wei Li,
  • Yabo Li,
  • Zhanglei Wu,
  • Yutian Zhong

摘要

Giant landslides and the resulting impulse waves during water level fluctuation are critical concerns in reservoir management, potentially resulting in catastrophic loss. Herein, we conduct a comprehensive field survey and real-time displacement monitoring to elucidate the deformation characteristics and mechanisms of the Jiaowu landslide and potential impulse wave hazard. The Jiaowu landslide, approximately 25 million m3, has experienced severe deformation following recent impoundment, posing risks of instability and potential impulse waves. Incorporating the drift-flux model and RNG turbulence model in FLOW3D, the study explores the effects of fluvial topography, exemplified by an “S”-shaped river channel, and water level fluctuation on wave propagation and inundation through the near- and far-field simulations. Numerical methods are validated by reproducing a previous experiment and a real event in the study area. It is observed that the landslide deformation decreases along the streamwise direction due to the river scouring, with an overall movement along the slip surface. The primary source area, around 10 million m3, may completely slide into the reservoir. At lower water levels, wave energy increases due to changes in the landslide’s center of gravity relative to the water surface. Significantly amplified wave heights are observed at the river channel corner owing to the overlap of initial and refracted waves. These amplifications reoccur due to wave focusing when the river channel becomes narrower and shallower. Furthermore, different water levels cause various change rates of run-up heights/elevations. This study offers deep insights into preventing giant landslides and the resulting impulse waves.