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<p>Landslides pose&#xa0;significant threats&#xa0;to infrastructure and human safety, necessitating advanced monitoring and early warning technologies. This study simulates the landslide initiation mechanisms through laboratory-scale sand column collapse experiments. An innovative integration of dynamic optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) with particle image velocimetry (PIV) is presented to achieve high-resolution synchronous monitoring of surface velocity fields and internal strain distribution during the collapse. Micro-disc anchor plates were added along the fiber optic cables to optimize the mechanical coupling between the cable and soil, the response accuracy and reliability of distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) to rapid deformation were significantly improved. Testing results revealed the four-stage dynamic evolution pattern of sand column collapse: vertical collapse, transition from vertical to horizontal flow, horizontal flow, and deceleration and cessation. Based on the OFDR strain data, the formation and propagation mechanisms of shear bands in each stage were clarified. The surface velocity field captured by PIV was highly consistent with the strain distribution monitored by DFOS, validating the feasibility of multi-source data fusion analysis. The results show that micro-anchored fiber optic cables effectively identified the progressive failure from shallow to deep soil mass. The “sine wave” characteristic of strain is greatly related to the location of the shear slip surface, providing new insights into the internal deformation mechanisms of landslides. Through technological integration and methodological innovation, the limitations of temporal and spatial resolution of traditional monitoring methods were overcome, offering reference for the early identification of landslide disasters and the study of their dynamic theories.</p>

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Study on sand column collapse mechanisms through optical frequency domain reflectometry and particle image velocimetry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Dao-Yuan Tan,
  • Ning Ma,
  • Yong-Qin Li,
  • Hong-Hu Zhu,
  • Lei Gao,
  • Du-Min Yan,
  • Wan-Huan Zhou

摘要

Landslides pose significant threats to infrastructure and human safety, necessitating advanced monitoring and early warning technologies. This study simulates the landslide initiation mechanisms through laboratory-scale sand column collapse experiments. An innovative integration of dynamic optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) with particle image velocimetry (PIV) is presented to achieve high-resolution synchronous monitoring of surface velocity fields and internal strain distribution during the collapse. Micro-disc anchor plates were added along the fiber optic cables to optimize the mechanical coupling between the cable and soil, the response accuracy and reliability of distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) to rapid deformation were significantly improved. Testing results revealed the four-stage dynamic evolution pattern of sand column collapse: vertical collapse, transition from vertical to horizontal flow, horizontal flow, and deceleration and cessation. Based on the OFDR strain data, the formation and propagation mechanisms of shear bands in each stage were clarified. The surface velocity field captured by PIV was highly consistent with the strain distribution monitored by DFOS, validating the feasibility of multi-source data fusion analysis. The results show that micro-anchored fiber optic cables effectively identified the progressive failure from shallow to deep soil mass. The “sine wave” characteristic of strain is greatly related to the location of the shear slip surface, providing new insights into the internal deformation mechanisms of landslides. Through technological integration and methodological innovation, the limitations of temporal and spatial resolution of traditional monitoring methods were overcome, offering reference for the early identification of landslide disasters and the study of their dynamic theories.