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<p>Optimisation of user experience in fluctuating network conditions requires dynamic adjustments to the temporal resolution or the quantity of data per update. Large, sudden changes can result in disruptive, jittery experiences, which reduces fidelity and prevents efficient communication and collaboration online. In this work we investigate the perceivable difference threshold for network data distribution frequency, or tick rate. Two sets of experiments were performed evaluating the just noticeable differences (JNDs) for increasing tick rates, firstly in virtual reality and on a desktop (N&#xa0;=&#xa0;20), and secondly at differing frame rates (N&#xa0;=&#xa0;7). We present a straightforward model for calculating JNDs at any tick rate and the model describes a minimum perceivable threshold. This can be used to identify best tick rates for a network and whether an increase/decrease in tick rates would be perceivable. Furthermore, anomalous results from both experiments demonstrate this threshold can be much larger under specific conditions. Our results suggest that when the frame rate is an integer multiple of the tick rate, tick rate is perceived logarithmically and JNDs are proportional to the initial tick rate, however JNDs increase significantly for non-integer ratios of the frame rate to the tick rate. This tick rate - frame rate interaction could be harnessed by intentionally aligning or mis-aligning the tick rate to the frame rate depending upon the application.</p>

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Tick rate-frame rate cross interaction and the impact upon just noticeable differences in virtual reality

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • William Naylor-Lovell,
  • Alan Chalmers,
  • Kurt Debattista

摘要

Optimisation of user experience in fluctuating network conditions requires dynamic adjustments to the temporal resolution or the quantity of data per update. Large, sudden changes can result in disruptive, jittery experiences, which reduces fidelity and prevents efficient communication and collaboration online. In this work we investigate the perceivable difference threshold for network data distribution frequency, or tick rate. Two sets of experiments were performed evaluating the just noticeable differences (JNDs) for increasing tick rates, firstly in virtual reality and on a desktop (N = 20), and secondly at differing frame rates (N = 7). We present a straightforward model for calculating JNDs at any tick rate and the model describes a minimum perceivable threshold. This can be used to identify best tick rates for a network and whether an increase/decrease in tick rates would be perceivable. Furthermore, anomalous results from both experiments demonstrate this threshold can be much larger under specific conditions. Our results suggest that when the frame rate is an integer multiple of the tick rate, tick rate is perceived logarithmically and JNDs are proportional to the initial tick rate, however JNDs increase significantly for non-integer ratios of the frame rate to the tick rate. This tick rate - frame rate interaction could be harnessed by intentionally aligning or mis-aligning the tick rate to the frame rate depending upon the application.