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<p>Groundwater is a critical water resource for human use and sustaining ecosystems. Globally, thermal waters are used for various activities, whereas in Algeria, their use is limited to therapeutic purposes. The chemical and physical properties of Algerian thermal springs have been utilized to describe their quality at the administrative province (wilaya) scale; however, such a description lacks a regional hydrogeological context. From this perspective, the aim of this work is twofold: (1) to identify the key hydrogeochemical processes governing groundwater flow systems and the influence of the dominant aquifer units; and (2) to delineate the regional flow systems in Algeria based on the chemical and isotopic characteristics of thermal waters through coupling geothermometry, isotopes and hydrogeochemistry within the prevailing geological framework. This work integrates field observations, laboratory results and system-scale data interpretation within a Tóthian conceptual framework, allowing for the differentiation of recharge zones from discharge zones for the identified regional flow systems. Results indicate groundwater temperatures range from 18.7 to 94.7&#xa0;°C, with geothermometry suggesting circulation depths of up to 5545 m. Groundwaters exist within three main hydrochemical facies (Ca–HCO₃, Ca–SO₄ and Na–Cl), where stable isotopes confirm a meteoric origin. The findings point to Tóthian groundwater flow systems with distinct recharge zone characteristics. However, it remains challenging to define whether these hydrothermal systems share common features or exhibit specificities. Each flow system is differentiated primarily by temperature linked to depth, geothermal gradient, fractures and host-rock geochemistry. This work provides a basis for vertically resolved, numerical groundwater-flow analysis.</p>

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Hydrogeochemical characterization of regional groundwater flow systems in northeastern Algeria: The cases of the Guelma, Souk Ahras, Tebessa and Khenchela regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Ibtissem Djaafri,
  • Karima Seghir,
  • Tatiana Aguilar Castillo,
  • José Joel Carrillo-Rivera

摘要

Groundwater is a critical water resource for human use and sustaining ecosystems. Globally, thermal waters are used for various activities, whereas in Algeria, their use is limited to therapeutic purposes. The chemical and physical properties of Algerian thermal springs have been utilized to describe their quality at the administrative province (wilaya) scale; however, such a description lacks a regional hydrogeological context. From this perspective, the aim of this work is twofold: (1) to identify the key hydrogeochemical processes governing groundwater flow systems and the influence of the dominant aquifer units; and (2) to delineate the regional flow systems in Algeria based on the chemical and isotopic characteristics of thermal waters through coupling geothermometry, isotopes and hydrogeochemistry within the prevailing geological framework. This work integrates field observations, laboratory results and system-scale data interpretation within a Tóthian conceptual framework, allowing for the differentiation of recharge zones from discharge zones for the identified regional flow systems. Results indicate groundwater temperatures range from 18.7 to 94.7 °C, with geothermometry suggesting circulation depths of up to 5545 m. Groundwaters exist within three main hydrochemical facies (Ca–HCO₃, Ca–SO₄ and Na–Cl), where stable isotopes confirm a meteoric origin. The findings point to Tóthian groundwater flow systems with distinct recharge zone characteristics. However, it remains challenging to define whether these hydrothermal systems share common features or exhibit specificities. Each flow system is differentiated primarily by temperature linked to depth, geothermal gradient, fractures and host-rock geochemistry. This work provides a basis for vertically resolved, numerical groundwater-flow analysis.