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<p>Karst groundwater systems, primarily recharged by precipitation and discharged via springs, exhibit complex “recharge–discharge” dynamics under climate change and anthropogenic pressures. The precipitation–discharge relationship manifests through distinct temporal cycles and frequency-dependent patterns. In addition, karst regions’ subterranean hydrological systems are highly heterogeneous, and the spatiotemporal variability of recharge–discharge processes within spring domains is significant. The complexity of different teleconnection patterns (i.e., large-scale climate anomalies affecting distant regions) makes the precipitation-driven spring discharge mechanisms in karst areas unclear. To investigate this issue, Niangziguan was taken as a study area. Wavelet and partial wavelet analysis was applied in this study to determine (1) the strongly correlated periods controlling precipitation-driven spring discharge; (2) the lag effects of precipitation on spring discharge at critical periods; (3) the impact of different climate modes on recharge–discharge response patterns. The results indicate that the primary influence periods of precipitation on spring water are concentrated at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.5, and 6.5&#xa0;years. The residuals of wavelet coherence and partial wavelet coherence can represent the effects of independent teleconnection climate modes, thereby determining the hydraulic connectivity of the groundwater system. The findings reveal the influence patterns of precipitation on spring water under different teleconnection climate modes.</p>

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The effects of teleconnections and monsoon on karst spring discharge based on wavelet phase difference and partial wavelet coherence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Zhihong Chen,
  • Huiqing Hao,
  • Qingyun Duan,
  • Yonghong Hao,
  • Zhu Liu,
  • Yaoming Li

摘要

Karst groundwater systems, primarily recharged by precipitation and discharged via springs, exhibit complex “recharge–discharge” dynamics under climate change and anthropogenic pressures. The precipitation–discharge relationship manifests through distinct temporal cycles and frequency-dependent patterns. In addition, karst regions’ subterranean hydrological systems are highly heterogeneous, and the spatiotemporal variability of recharge–discharge processes within spring domains is significant. The complexity of different teleconnection patterns (i.e., large-scale climate anomalies affecting distant regions) makes the precipitation-driven spring discharge mechanisms in karst areas unclear. To investigate this issue, Niangziguan was taken as a study area. Wavelet and partial wavelet analysis was applied in this study to determine (1) the strongly correlated periods controlling precipitation-driven spring discharge; (2) the lag effects of precipitation on spring discharge at critical periods; (3) the impact of different climate modes on recharge–discharge response patterns. The results indicate that the primary influence periods of precipitation on spring water are concentrated at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.5, and 6.5 years. The residuals of wavelet coherence and partial wavelet coherence can represent the effects of independent teleconnection climate modes, thereby determining the hydraulic connectivity of the groundwater system. The findings reveal the influence patterns of precipitation on spring water under different teleconnection climate modes.