<p>The Lower Berg River Aquifer System, located in the Western Cape province of South Africa, plays a vital role in supporting the towns that overly it by serving as a crucial water source for various purposes, including industrial and residential needs. This significance arises from the finite and fully allocated nature of surface water resources in the region. Despite ongoing studies on the Lower Berg River Aquifer System since 1976, a comprehensive understanding of its geological stratigraphy, recharge and discharge zones, and groundwater flow patterns remains limited. The spatial extent, vertical layering, depth variations and hydrochemical characteristics of the aquifer units have not been clearly delineated, hindering efforts to accurately conceptualise the system and manage it sustainably. To overcome these long-standing knowledge limitations and develop a more integrated understanding of the aquifer system and its dynamics, a multi-method investigative approach was employed. These included a time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) airborne geophysical survey, hydrochemical profiling, and stable and radioactive isotope analyses. These methods collectively enabled the delineation of aquifer layers and their spatial extent, evaluation of groundwater quality across the region, identification of flow paths in both saturated and unsaturated zones, detection of inter-aquifer connectivity, and characterisation of distinct recharge mechanisms.</p>