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<p>The implementation of sustainable groundwater resource management policies requires long-term monitoring of groundwater levels in aquifers to assess the influence of climate variability on groundwater resource availability and renewal processes. In many sub-Saharan African watersheds, such records are scarce and rarely free of gaps. This study aims to develop a modelling framework for hindcasting (i.e., making predictions about past conditions) piezometric levels in the basement aquifer of the Sanon watershed (14 km<sup>2</sup>) located in the West African Sahel. The integrated 3D physically based groundwater modelling code HydroGeosphere (HGS) was used as a modelling platform, incorporating detailed information on the aquifer geometry, structure, hydrodynamic parameters and land-use evolution. The interannual average of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration over the period 1961–2021 were used to calibrate the model under steady-state conditions, producing satisfactory results (<i>r</i>: 0.90; Percent bias (PBIAS): &lt;10%; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE): 0.80; root mean square error (RMSE): 1.2&#xa0;m). The daily climate records were then used for transient modelling. Over this period, the recharge to precipitation ratio shows a sawtooth-shaped temporal pattern within the range of 5.60–11.60% (mean of 9.00%), with a strong spatial variability (values of 27–28% under cultivated areas in the central valley and near-zero values in the ridge zones areas, growing bare soils and natural vegetation). The HGS model of the Sanon watershed highlights the influence of climate variability on the groundwater system, and sheds light on the use of hydrogeological modelling as an effective decision-making tool for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in the region.</p>

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Influence of past climatic conditions on groundwater levels in basement aquifers of the Sahel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Moussa Bruno Kafando,
  • Boubacar Abdou Boko,
  • Roland Yonaba,
  • Mahamadou Koïta,
  • Farida Boubé Dobi,
  • Apolline Bambara,
  • Lawani Adjadi Mounirou

摘要

The implementation of sustainable groundwater resource management policies requires long-term monitoring of groundwater levels in aquifers to assess the influence of climate variability on groundwater resource availability and renewal processes. In many sub-Saharan African watersheds, such records are scarce and rarely free of gaps. This study aims to develop a modelling framework for hindcasting (i.e., making predictions about past conditions) piezometric levels in the basement aquifer of the Sanon watershed (14 km2) located in the West African Sahel. The integrated 3D physically based groundwater modelling code HydroGeosphere (HGS) was used as a modelling platform, incorporating detailed information on the aquifer geometry, structure, hydrodynamic parameters and land-use evolution. The interannual average of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration over the period 1961–2021 were used to calibrate the model under steady-state conditions, producing satisfactory results (r: 0.90; Percent bias (PBIAS): <10%; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE): 0.80; root mean square error (RMSE): 1.2 m). The daily climate records were then used for transient modelling. Over this period, the recharge to precipitation ratio shows a sawtooth-shaped temporal pattern within the range of 5.60–11.60% (mean of 9.00%), with a strong spatial variability (values of 27–28% under cultivated areas in the central valley and near-zero values in the ridge zones areas, growing bare soils and natural vegetation). The HGS model of the Sanon watershed highlights the influence of climate variability on the groundwater system, and sheds light on the use of hydrogeological modelling as an effective decision-making tool for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in the region.