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<p>In order to accurately and efficiently predict the landslide hazard and post-failure behavior of soil-rock mixtures (SRM), this study adopts the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Rocks with arbitrary shapes are generated by employing the Monte Carlo random sampling principle. Subsequently, a lattice-based particle generator is proposed to interpret the geometrical model of SRM slopes and to construct the SPH numerical model. Furthermore, this study examines the effects of varying rock contents, sizes and shapes on the failure characteristics of SRM slopes. The findings reveal that the shear zone exhibits non-circular form during SRM slopes failure, presenting four distinct plastic expansion modes: Bypass, diversion, penetration, and inclusion. For identical rock content, an increase in large-sized rocks enhances the interlocking effect, thereby improving SRM slope stability. Conversely, the roundness of rocks significantly affects their failure behavior within SRM slopes, with higher roundness contributing to easier instability. The results demonstrate that the SPH method provides an innovative approach for investigating the failure behavior of heterogeneous materials, such as geotechnical bodies. Moreover, this method exhibits substantial potential for broader applications across various geotechnical engineering domains.</p> Graphical Abstract

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Study on failure behavior and mode of soil-rock mixture slopes upon SPH numerical simulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Gang Zhong,
  • Xiaoqiang Zhang,
  • Xiong Song,
  • Jingqi Cui,
  • Zhenrui Zhang

摘要

In order to accurately and efficiently predict the landslide hazard and post-failure behavior of soil-rock mixtures (SRM), this study adopts the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Rocks with arbitrary shapes are generated by employing the Monte Carlo random sampling principle. Subsequently, a lattice-based particle generator is proposed to interpret the geometrical model of SRM slopes and to construct the SPH numerical model. Furthermore, this study examines the effects of varying rock contents, sizes and shapes on the failure characteristics of SRM slopes. The findings reveal that the shear zone exhibits non-circular form during SRM slopes failure, presenting four distinct plastic expansion modes: Bypass, diversion, penetration, and inclusion. For identical rock content, an increase in large-sized rocks enhances the interlocking effect, thereby improving SRM slope stability. Conversely, the roundness of rocks significantly affects their failure behavior within SRM slopes, with higher roundness contributing to easier instability. The results demonstrate that the SPH method provides an innovative approach for investigating the failure behavior of heterogeneous materials, such as geotechnical bodies. Moreover, this method exhibits substantial potential for broader applications across various geotechnical engineering domains.

Graphical Abstract