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<p>Hydrology is a key variable of ecosystem development in wetlands, and climatic and anthropogenic disturbances are altering hydrologic dynamics worldwide. Freshwater restoration is widely implemented to rehydrate degraded ecosystems; however, verifying ecological recovery and guiding adaptive management require long-term monitoring. Quantifying changes in marsh primary productivity, species composition, and phosphorus (P) retention can characterize recovering wetland trajectories and inform restoration. We quantified long-term (2006–2023) changes in vegetation and P retention during freshwater rehydration in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Specifically, we measured aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of <i>Cladium jamaicense</i> (sawgrass, the dominant marsh species), density of <i>Eleocharis</i> spp. (spikerush, an indicator of wetter conditions), and soil and plant P retention patterns. Our study spanned shallower marl marshes and deeper peat marshes with historically shorter and longer hydroperiods, respectively. Mean ANPP was lower in marl marshes than in peat marshes. Models quantifying basin-wide temporal trends in ANPP, site-specific deviations, and effects of soil total P and water depth explained 61.5–74.2% of variation in ANPP. Models revealed divergent productivity trajectories among sites, with increasing water depth associated with the greatest ANPP declines in marl marshes but increased ANPP in upstream peat marshes with prior drought stress and fire disturbance. Increased water depth enhanced spikerush density, and P retention patterns varied among marshes. Our findings highlight that hydrologic restoration is associated with contrasting trajectories of dominant marsh species, shaped by antecedent disturbances and hydrologic context. Ultimately, long-term research is needed to identify drivers of ecosystem trajectories and predict restoration outcomes.</p>

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Divergent Trajectories: Freshwater Rehydration is Associated with Both Increasing and Decreasing Marsh Productivities in the Florida Everglades

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Veronica B. Restrepo,
  • Jay P. Sah,
  • Daniel Gann,
  • Emily Standen,
  • Franco Tobias,
  • Jed Redwine,
  • Rafael Travieso,
  • Tiffany G. Troxler,
  • John S. Kominoski

摘要

Hydrology is a key variable of ecosystem development in wetlands, and climatic and anthropogenic disturbances are altering hydrologic dynamics worldwide. Freshwater restoration is widely implemented to rehydrate degraded ecosystems; however, verifying ecological recovery and guiding adaptive management require long-term monitoring. Quantifying changes in marsh primary productivity, species composition, and phosphorus (P) retention can characterize recovering wetland trajectories and inform restoration. We quantified long-term (2006–2023) changes in vegetation and P retention during freshwater rehydration in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Specifically, we measured aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of Cladium jamaicense (sawgrass, the dominant marsh species), density of Eleocharis spp. (spikerush, an indicator of wetter conditions), and soil and plant P retention patterns. Our study spanned shallower marl marshes and deeper peat marshes with historically shorter and longer hydroperiods, respectively. Mean ANPP was lower in marl marshes than in peat marshes. Models quantifying basin-wide temporal trends in ANPP, site-specific deviations, and effects of soil total P and water depth explained 61.5–74.2% of variation in ANPP. Models revealed divergent productivity trajectories among sites, with increasing water depth associated with the greatest ANPP declines in marl marshes but increased ANPP in upstream peat marshes with prior drought stress and fire disturbance. Increased water depth enhanced spikerush density, and P retention patterns varied among marshes. Our findings highlight that hydrologic restoration is associated with contrasting trajectories of dominant marsh species, shaped by antecedent disturbances and hydrologic context. Ultimately, long-term research is needed to identify drivers of ecosystem trajectories and predict restoration outcomes.