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<p>Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are ubiquitous contaminants in freshwater ecosystems, yet assessing their ecological risks remains challenging due to the selection of baseline organism and accurate trophic-level (TL) estimation. Here, we investigated the occurrence and trophic transfer of PFAAs in Chaohu Lake, China, by reconstructing the aquatic food web using stable isotope analysis. Submerged macrophytes were selected as the trophic baseline organism (TL = 1.0) and compared with the results of zooplankton. Two novel indicators, Risk-TMF (RTMF) and Risk-BMF (RBMF), were proposed to assess compound-specific risks by incorporating trophic magnification and biomagnification processes. Our results showed that perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) exhibited the highest bioaccumulation potential, while perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) posed considerable ecological risks mainly due to their high environmental concentrations. Notably, no significant correlation was observed between PFAA concentrations and bioaccumulation factors in aquatic organisms (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), highlighting the need for integrated bioaccumulation factors when evaluating their risks. PFBS, although often considered as a safer alternative to PFOS, displayed comparable or higher risk when bioaccumulation was taken into account. Overall, this study provides a refined and cost-effective approach for assessing the ecological risks of PFAAs in freshwater ecosystems.</p>

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Refining Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Freshwater Ecosystems Using Submerged Macrophytes as Baseline Organism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Shuqin Chen,
  • Mengyuan Zhang,
  • Yue Chen,
  • Yunqiao Zhou,
  • Zechan Li,
  • Hao Fang,
  • Yun Tao,
  • Yan Pang,
  • Xiaoke Zhang,
  • Fasong Li

摘要

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are ubiquitous contaminants in freshwater ecosystems, yet assessing their ecological risks remains challenging due to the selection of baseline organism and accurate trophic-level (TL) estimation. Here, we investigated the occurrence and trophic transfer of PFAAs in Chaohu Lake, China, by reconstructing the aquatic food web using stable isotope analysis. Submerged macrophytes were selected as the trophic baseline organism (TL = 1.0) and compared with the results of zooplankton. Two novel indicators, Risk-TMF (RTMF) and Risk-BMF (RBMF), were proposed to assess compound-specific risks by incorporating trophic magnification and biomagnification processes. Our results showed that perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) exhibited the highest bioaccumulation potential, while perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) posed considerable ecological risks mainly due to their high environmental concentrations. Notably, no significant correlation was observed between PFAA concentrations and bioaccumulation factors in aquatic organisms (p > 0.05), highlighting the need for integrated bioaccumulation factors when evaluating their risks. PFBS, although often considered as a safer alternative to PFOS, displayed comparable or higher risk when bioaccumulation was taken into account. Overall, this study provides a refined and cost-effective approach for assessing the ecological risks of PFAAs in freshwater ecosystems.