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<p>In this work, we propose a novel CO₂ laser surface treatment for a 3D-printed electrode manufactured using a laboratory-made polylactic acid (PLA)/carbon black (CB) composite filament. The electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated an increase in the electrode surface area and in the intensity of the graphitic bands after the laser treatment, suggesting an improvement in the electrochemical performance of the device. Additionally, the optimized CO₂ Laser treatment enhanced the performance of the 3D-printed electrode for metronidazole analysis. The drug was detected by linear sweep voltammetry in a linear range from 1.0 to 100 µmol L⁻¹ in phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0), with a sensitivity of 0.175&#xa0;A (mol L⁻¹)⁻¹ and a limit of detection of 0.3 µmol L⁻¹ (calculated by S/N). The electrochemical sensor was also successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and synthetic samples, presenting recovery values ranging from 92.3 to 108%. Therefore, the CO₂-laser treatment improved the analytical performance of the sensor and enabled the efficient electrochemical determination of metronidazole.</p>

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PLA/CB Lab-made 3D-electrochemical sensor treated with CO2-laser for metronidazole detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Rafaela C. Freitas,
  • Amanda Neumann,
  • Arielly Cardoso,
  • Bruno C. Janegitz

摘要

In this work, we propose a novel CO₂ laser surface treatment for a 3D-printed electrode manufactured using a laboratory-made polylactic acid (PLA)/carbon black (CB) composite filament. The electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated an increase in the electrode surface area and in the intensity of the graphitic bands after the laser treatment, suggesting an improvement in the electrochemical performance of the device. Additionally, the optimized CO₂ Laser treatment enhanced the performance of the 3D-printed electrode for metronidazole analysis. The drug was detected by linear sweep voltammetry in a linear range from 1.0 to 100 µmol L⁻¹ in phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0), with a sensitivity of 0.175 A (mol L⁻¹)⁻¹ and a limit of detection of 0.3 µmol L⁻¹ (calculated by S/N). The electrochemical sensor was also successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and synthetic samples, presenting recovery values ranging from 92.3 to 108%. Therefore, the CO₂-laser treatment improved the analytical performance of the sensor and enabled the efficient electrochemical determination of metronidazole.