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<p>In this study, a tin dioxide thin film was successfully synthesized on a graphite substrate (SnO<sub>2</sub>-TF@GCE) using a potentiostatic electrodeposition method alkaline medium. The deposition process involved two steps: the electrodeposition of metallic tin, followed by its anodic oxidation to form an adherent SnO<sub>2</sub> layer. The thickness of the film was calculated and found to be in the micrometric range. XRD, ATR-FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the purity, crystallinity, and uniform distribution of the deposited material. Electrochemical properties (i. e. <i>E</i><sub><i>corr</i></sub>, <i>i</i><sub><i>corr</i></sub> and <i>R</i><sub><i>p</i></sub>…) were also evaluated to gain insight into the deposition quality and film stability and to fully understand the deposition and degradation mechanism. The modified electrode was then used for the electrochemical oxidation of Basic Red 2 dye in an aqueous sodium sulfate electrolyte. The study showed that the dye degradation was mainly attributed to hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated at the anode surface. Kinetic study indicated that the degradation process followed a pseudo-first-order reaction. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency increased with the applied current density, reaching 100% discoloration after 60 min at 0.03 A cm<sup>−2</sup>. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of SnO<sub>2</sub>-based anodes for wastewater treatment containing persistent organic pollutants.</p>

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Remediation of basic red 2 dye from aqueous environments using rapid and efficient approach: electrochemical properties and degradation kinetic study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Fatiha Smaili,
  • Salah Eddine Berrabah,
  • Salima Kaizra,
  • Salim Mokhtari,
  • Sabrina Tabti,
  • saida Moussaoui,
  • Hassiba Bouchemel

摘要

In this study, a tin dioxide thin film was successfully synthesized on a graphite substrate (SnO2-TF@GCE) using a potentiostatic electrodeposition method alkaline medium. The deposition process involved two steps: the electrodeposition of metallic tin, followed by its anodic oxidation to form an adherent SnO2 layer. The thickness of the film was calculated and found to be in the micrometric range. XRD, ATR-FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the purity, crystallinity, and uniform distribution of the deposited material. Electrochemical properties (i. e. Ecorr, icorr and Rp…) were also evaluated to gain insight into the deposition quality and film stability and to fully understand the deposition and degradation mechanism. The modified electrode was then used for the electrochemical oxidation of Basic Red 2 dye in an aqueous sodium sulfate electrolyte. The study showed that the dye degradation was mainly attributed to hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated at the anode surface. Kinetic study indicated that the degradation process followed a pseudo-first-order reaction. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency increased with the applied current density, reaching 100% discoloration after 60 min at 0.03 A cm−2. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of SnO2-based anodes for wastewater treatment containing persistent organic pollutants.