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<p>Screen-printed electrodes (SPE) and laser-induced graphene (LIG) platforms based on carbon materials have gained increasing attention for their scalability, affordability, and analytical versatility. While numerous studies report promising results, few provide a detailed correlation between material properties and electrochemical performance. This review critically examines recent research (2020–2025) involving SPE and LIG electrodes composed exclusively of carbon-based materials, including those modified with carbon nanostructures, highlighting how fabrication variables, ink formulations, and substrate types influence analytical outcomes. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of characterization techniques such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy), Raman spectroscopy, AFM (atomic force microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) in understanding structure–function relationships. By synthesizing trends across studies and comparing sensor metrics such as limit of detection (LOD), sensitivity, and stability, this work highlights persistent gaps in the literature and points to key aspects that require further investigation.</p>

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Advances in carbon-based electrodes: characterization of screen-printed and laser-induced graphene techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Camilla Machado Gentil Ribeiro,
  • Leandro Vitor da Silva,
  • Juliana Duarte Gonçalves,
  • Laryssa Domingos Pinho,
  • Maria Eduarda Marinho Sanches,
  • Rafaelly Ferreira de Barros,
  • Maiara Oliveira Salles

摘要

Screen-printed electrodes (SPE) and laser-induced graphene (LIG) platforms based on carbon materials have gained increasing attention for their scalability, affordability, and analytical versatility. While numerous studies report promising results, few provide a detailed correlation between material properties and electrochemical performance. This review critically examines recent research (2020–2025) involving SPE and LIG electrodes composed exclusively of carbon-based materials, including those modified with carbon nanostructures, highlighting how fabrication variables, ink formulations, and substrate types influence analytical outcomes. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of characterization techniques such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy), Raman spectroscopy, AFM (atomic force microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) in understanding structure–function relationships. By synthesizing trends across studies and comparing sensor metrics such as limit of detection (LOD), sensitivity, and stability, this work highlights persistent gaps in the literature and points to key aspects that require further investigation.