<p>The results of extensive, continuous research have significantly improved the performance of commercial lithium-ion batteries. An essential part of lithium-ion batteries is the cathode materials, which are used to regulate the cost, energy density, and operating voltage. Researchers have been looking for and altering different cathode materials over the last few decades. Compounding, coating, elemental doping, and other modification techniques are a few examples. Based on an overview of the operation of lithium-ion batteries, this paper systematically discusses the structural properties and modification of lithium battery cathode materials, such as LiCoO₂, LiFePO₄, LiMn₂O₄, and ternary materials. This review seeks to provide information on the direction of technological development in lithium-ion batteries, increase battery power and capacity, reduce the cost of lithium-ion batteries, and maintain and improve safety to better address the problems that society faces. It also discusses upcoming research on other popular lithium-ion cathode materials.</p>