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<p>Phenolic compounds in water bodies pose significant threats to humans, animals and aquatic life. A new electrochemical sensor has been developed for the sensitive and selective detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), utilizing the incorporation of zirconium metal–organic framework (UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>/rGO electrocatalyst was synthesized by the solvothermal method using zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, 2-amino terephthalic acid and rGO. Various characterization techniques including — X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to analyze the physical properties, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the prepared materials. The resulting UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>/rGO/GCE electrode demonstrates effective electrocatalytic activity for the cathodic reduction of 4-NP due to its high porosity, favourable electron transfer kinetics and enhanced sensitivity. Differential pulse voltammetry reveals a linear response for 4-NP concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100&#xa0;μM, with a high sensitivity of 0.1 μA/μM and a low detection limit of 15&#xa0;nM. Additionally, the sensor showcases several advantages, including anti-interference ability, selectivity for 4-NP in the presence of other interfering species, strong repeatability and stability. The developed sensor was successfully tested for practical applications in river water samples.&#xa0;</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sensitive and selective detection of 4-nitrophenol using a zirconium metal–organic framework loaded reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月12日

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  • Nishanthi Vasanthi Sridharan,
  • Badal Kumar Mandal

摘要

Phenolic compounds in water bodies pose significant threats to humans, animals and aquatic life. A new electrochemical sensor has been developed for the sensitive and selective detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), utilizing the incorporation of zirconium metal–organic framework (UiO-66-NH2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The UiO-66-NH2/rGO electrocatalyst was synthesized by the solvothermal method using zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, 2-amino terephthalic acid and rGO. Various characterization techniques including — X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to analyze the physical properties, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the prepared materials. The resulting UiO-66-NH2/rGO/GCE electrode demonstrates effective electrocatalytic activity for the cathodic reduction of 4-NP due to its high porosity, favourable electron transfer kinetics and enhanced sensitivity. Differential pulse voltammetry reveals a linear response for 4-NP concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 μM, with a high sensitivity of 0.1 μA/μM and a low detection limit of 15 nM. Additionally, the sensor showcases several advantages, including anti-interference ability, selectivity for 4-NP in the presence of other interfering species, strong repeatability and stability. The developed sensor was successfully tested for practical applications in river water samples. 

Graphical Abstract