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<p>The humidity diagnostic realized on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered a primordially parameter to maintain proper cell function. This experimental study presents the way to monitor the humidity of the single PEMFC. An innovative methodology is used to fit the Nyquist’s model obtained from the experimental characterization where the PEMFC is at 75%, 80%, and 100% of relative humidity. Fourteen passive elements are used to model the PEMFC. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA), which is a numerical optimization approach, is used to fit the model and experimental plots. From the values given by the 14-elements equivalent circuit, it is possible to calculate a transfer function that describes the humidity PEMFC state for every evaluated percentage and allows to link the output amplitude of an applied sinusoidal signal with a specific humidity percentage. The amplitude values of the transfer function at 75% and 100% humidity are used as a limit reference. The proposed methodology allows fitting the experimental curves in just two iterations, while that of the commercial software needs at least 23 iterations to achieve this. The error percentage that presents the model developed in this work against the experimental results from Nyquist curves is 0.04%, and the average error using the commercial software is 2.41%.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Innovative humidity diagnostic method based on PEM fuel cell transient response

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月21日

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  • Juan Ponce-Hernández,
  • Angel Sacramento,
  • Antonio Estrada,
  • Victor S. Balderrama

摘要

The humidity diagnostic realized on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered a primordially parameter to maintain proper cell function. This experimental study presents the way to monitor the humidity of the single PEMFC. An innovative methodology is used to fit the Nyquist’s model obtained from the experimental characterization where the PEMFC is at 75%, 80%, and 100% of relative humidity. Fourteen passive elements are used to model the PEMFC. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA), which is a numerical optimization approach, is used to fit the model and experimental plots. From the values given by the 14-elements equivalent circuit, it is possible to calculate a transfer function that describes the humidity PEMFC state for every evaluated percentage and allows to link the output amplitude of an applied sinusoidal signal with a specific humidity percentage. The amplitude values of the transfer function at 75% and 100% humidity are used as a limit reference. The proposed methodology allows fitting the experimental curves in just two iterations, while that of the commercial software needs at least 23 iterations to achieve this. The error percentage that presents the model developed in this work against the experimental results from Nyquist curves is 0.04%, and the average error using the commercial software is 2.41%.

Graphical Abstract