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<p>Freshwater environments in polar regions, particularly in Antarctica, remain relatively underexplored regarding microbial biodiversity. In this study, we employed third-generation amplicon sequencing technology targeting full-length ribosomal ITS region to investigate the composition and diversity of fungal communities in 41 freshwater samples (lake water, stream water, and ice-melting water) collected from the Fildes Region in Antarctica. A total of 1,107,738 subsampled reads were obtained and classified into 1,884 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Among these, 315 OTUs were assigned to <i>Ascomycota</i>, 156 to <i>Basidiomycota</i>, 624 to <i>Chytridiomycota</i>, 61 to <i>Cryptomycota</i>, 23 to <i>Mucoromycota</i>, 1 to <i>Zoopagomycota</i>, and 704 to unclassified fungal phyla. Common fungal genera identified included <i>Phenoliferia</i>, <i>Metschnikowia</i>, <i>Cryolevonia</i>, <i>Linnemannia</i>, and <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i>. Significant differences in fungal community composition were observed among different aquatic habitats. Furthermore, four environmental factors—pH, temperature, salinity, and electrical conductivity—showed significant correlations with the fungal community structure. These findings provide new insights into the fungal diversity of Antarctic freshwater ecosystems and advance our understanding of microbial life in extreme environments.</p>

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Diversity and composition of fungal communities in freshwater environments of the Fildes Region, Antarctica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Chao Dong,
  • Jing Su,
  • Li-Yan Yu,
  • Tao Zhang

摘要

Freshwater environments in polar regions, particularly in Antarctica, remain relatively underexplored regarding microbial biodiversity. In this study, we employed third-generation amplicon sequencing technology targeting full-length ribosomal ITS region to investigate the composition and diversity of fungal communities in 41 freshwater samples (lake water, stream water, and ice-melting water) collected from the Fildes Region in Antarctica. A total of 1,107,738 subsampled reads were obtained and classified into 1,884 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Among these, 315 OTUs were assigned to Ascomycota, 156 to Basidiomycota, 624 to Chytridiomycota, 61 to Cryptomycota, 23 to Mucoromycota, 1 to Zoopagomycota, and 704 to unclassified fungal phyla. Common fungal genera identified included Phenoliferia, Metschnikowia, Cryolevonia, Linnemannia, and Pseudogymnoascus. Significant differences in fungal community composition were observed among different aquatic habitats. Furthermore, four environmental factors—pH, temperature, salinity, and electrical conductivity—showed significant correlations with the fungal community structure. These findings provide new insights into the fungal diversity of Antarctic freshwater ecosystems and advance our understanding of microbial life in extreme environments.