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<p>Self-esteem is important for mental well-being. Children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have multiple risk factors for low self-esteem. We aimed to examine their development of self-esteem and associations with bullying victimization, caregiver functioning, at-home support, and prevalence of mental illness.&#xa0;In a cohort of 519 children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and population-based controls (PBC), self-esteem was assessed with the “I Think I Am” questionnaire at ages 7, 9, 11, and 14. Bullying victimization (using KIDSCREEN-52), caregiver functioning (using Personal and Social Performance Scale), and at-home support (using MC-HOME) were assessed at age 7, and prevalence of lifetime mental disorder (using K-SADS-PL) was assessed at ages 7 and 11.&#xa0;A time x group interaction was found for self-esteem development overall and for the subscales “Psychological well-being” and “Relationships with others” (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). Across assessments, lower self-esteem was found among children at FHR-SZ (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001 for all), but only at age 11 for children at FHR-BP (<i>p</i> = 0.002), compared with PBC. Bullying victimization and low at-home support at age 7 were associated with lower self-esteem (Partial Eta Squared 0.05 and 0.01) at age 14. Low self-esteem at age 7 was associated with mental disorder (Partial Eta Squared 0.19) at age 11.&#xa0;More bullying victimization and poorer home environment quality are associated with later lower self-esteem, and low self-esteem is associated with later psychopathology among children at FHR. Awareness of self-esteem and risk factors for low self-esteem among children at FHR is needed.</p>

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Development of self-esteem from childhood to adolescence in children at Familial high-risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Mette Falkenberg Krantz,
  • Carsten Hjorthøj,
  • Ditte Ellersgaard,
  • Nicoline Hemager,
  • Maja Gregersen,
  • Anne Søndergaard,
  • Aja Greve,
  • Julie Marie Brandt,
  • Lotte Veddum,
  • Melanie Ritter,
  • Christina Bruun Knudsen,
  • Anna Krogh Andreassen,
  • Ole Mors,
  • Anne A. E. Thorup,
  • Merete Nordentoft

摘要

Self-esteem is important for mental well-being. Children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have multiple risk factors for low self-esteem. We aimed to examine their development of self-esteem and associations with bullying victimization, caregiver functioning, at-home support, and prevalence of mental illness. In a cohort of 519 children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and population-based controls (PBC), self-esteem was assessed with the “I Think I Am” questionnaire at ages 7, 9, 11, and 14. Bullying victimization (using KIDSCREEN-52), caregiver functioning (using Personal and Social Performance Scale), and at-home support (using MC-HOME) were assessed at age 7, and prevalence of lifetime mental disorder (using K-SADS-PL) was assessed at ages 7 and 11. A time x group interaction was found for self-esteem development overall and for the subscales “Psychological well-being” and “Relationships with others” (p ≤ 0.01). Across assessments, lower self-esteem was found among children at FHR-SZ (p ≤ 0.001 for all), but only at age 11 for children at FHR-BP (p = 0.002), compared with PBC. Bullying victimization and low at-home support at age 7 were associated with lower self-esteem (Partial Eta Squared 0.05 and 0.01) at age 14. Low self-esteem at age 7 was associated with mental disorder (Partial Eta Squared 0.19) at age 11. More bullying victimization and poorer home environment quality are associated with later lower self-esteem, and low self-esteem is associated with later psychopathology among children at FHR. Awareness of self-esteem and risk factors for low self-esteem among children at FHR is needed.