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Objectives <p>To assess the influence of layer thickness, silica-coating, and aging on surface roughness and resin cement adhesion to 3D-printed dental polymers.</p> Materials and methods <p>Four photo-polymerized resins (Crowntec (S), 3Delta Etemp (D), TempPrint (GC), and NextDent C&amp;B MFH (ND)) were printed under four layer conditions (polished, 20, 50, and 100&#xa0;µm; <i>N</i> = 1280). Specimens were treated with or without silica-coating air abrasion (CoJet), bonded with resin cement (Panavia V5), and tested dry or after thermocycling (5,000 cycles). Surface roughness (Ra, Rz) and shear bond strength (SBS) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).</p> Results <p>Material, layer thickness, and surface conditioning significantly affected surface roughness (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with material- and layer-dependent responses to silica coating. Roughness generally increased with layer thickness. For SBS, material and layer thickness were significant under both conditions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while silica coating mainly benefited polished surfaces. ND and GC showed the highest SBS at 20&#xa0;µm, S exhibited stable performance, and D showed the lowest bond strength. Thermocycling did not consistently reduce adhesion.</p> Conclusions <p>Printing layer thickness and material composition are key determinants of surface roughness and bonding. Silica-coating was most effective on polished surfaces, and optimal adhesion was achieved with ND and GC printed at 20&#xa0;µm.</p> Clinical relevance <p>Tailoring printing resolution and surface conditioning improves adhesion to 3D-printed resin restorations.</p>

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Adhesion of resin cement to 3D printed dental polymers: effect of layer thickness and air abrasion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Paula Zwicky,
  • Michele Piccini,
  • Abdülhakim Alpaslan Sener,
  • Luiza Freitas Brum Souza,
  • Tan Fırat Eyüboğlu,
  • Mutlu Özcan

摘要

Objectives

To assess the influence of layer thickness, silica-coating, and aging on surface roughness and resin cement adhesion to 3D-printed dental polymers.

Materials and methods

Four photo-polymerized resins (Crowntec (S), 3Delta Etemp (D), TempPrint (GC), and NextDent C&B MFH (ND)) were printed under four layer conditions (polished, 20, 50, and 100 µm; N = 1280). Specimens were treated with or without silica-coating air abrasion (CoJet), bonded with resin cement (Panavia V5), and tested dry or after thermocycling (5,000 cycles). Surface roughness (Ra, Rz) and shear bond strength (SBS) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).

Results

Material, layer thickness, and surface conditioning significantly affected surface roughness (p < 0.001), with material- and layer-dependent responses to silica coating. Roughness generally increased with layer thickness. For SBS, material and layer thickness were significant under both conditions (p < 0.05), while silica coating mainly benefited polished surfaces. ND and GC showed the highest SBS at 20 µm, S exhibited stable performance, and D showed the lowest bond strength. Thermocycling did not consistently reduce adhesion.

Conclusions

Printing layer thickness and material composition are key determinants of surface roughness and bonding. Silica-coating was most effective on polished surfaces, and optimal adhesion was achieved with ND and GC printed at 20 µm.

Clinical relevance

Tailoring printing resolution and surface conditioning improves adhesion to 3D-printed resin restorations.