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Objective <p>To evaluate the efficacy of a new orthodontic primer (Ambar APS Ortho; FGM Dental Products, Joinville, SC, Brazil) on shear bond strength (SBS) and degree conversion (DC) of metallic brackets bonding.</p> Materials and Methods <p>240 sound maxillary premolars were randomized into 24 experimental groups based on: (1) Orthodontic primer (Ambar APS Ortho, Orthoprimer and Transbond XT); (2) Light-curing time (3-seconds and 10-seconds); (3) Light-curing unit (Valo Cordless and Quazar); and (4) Storage condition (immediate time [IT] and after thermocycling [TC]). After each storage time, specimens were subjected to SBS testing at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure, and values were recorded in MPa. For DC (%) analysis, adhesive discs were prepared and evaluated using micro-Raman spectroscopy at IT only. SBS and DC data were analyzed using four and four-way ANOVA, respectively and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05).</p> Results <p>Ambar APS Ortho showed significantly higher SBS values across both light-curing units compared to all other groups (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). For DC, Orthoprimer showed the lowest values, while Ambar APS Ortho achieved the highest. Across all primers, a 10&#xa0;s light-curing exposure resulted in significantly higher DC values compared to 3&#xa0;s (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001).</p> Conclusions <p>Ambar APS Ortho exhibited superior performance in both SBS and DC, for both 3&#xa0;s and 10&#xa0;s light-curing times as well as IT or AT, supporting its reliability for bonding metallic orthodontic brackets.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of a new orthodontic primer in metallic brackets cementation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Byron Carpio–Salvatierra,
  • Mayra Alejandra Nuñez,
  • Pâmela Maria Kusdra,
  • Victor Martins Montalli,
  • Ana del Carmen Armas Vega,
  • Paulo Vitor Farago,
  • Alessandro D. Loguercio

摘要

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of a new orthodontic primer (Ambar APS Ortho; FGM Dental Products, Joinville, SC, Brazil) on shear bond strength (SBS) and degree conversion (DC) of metallic brackets bonding.

Materials and Methods

240 sound maxillary premolars were randomized into 24 experimental groups based on: (1) Orthodontic primer (Ambar APS Ortho, Orthoprimer and Transbond XT); (2) Light-curing time (3-seconds and 10-seconds); (3) Light-curing unit (Valo Cordless and Quazar); and (4) Storage condition (immediate time [IT] and after thermocycling [TC]). After each storage time, specimens were subjected to SBS testing at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure, and values were recorded in MPa. For DC (%) analysis, adhesive discs were prepared and evaluated using micro-Raman spectroscopy at IT only. SBS and DC data were analyzed using four and four-way ANOVA, respectively and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results

Ambar APS Ortho showed significantly higher SBS values across both light-curing units compared to all other groups (p = 0.0001). For DC, Orthoprimer showed the lowest values, while Ambar APS Ortho achieved the highest. Across all primers, a 10 s light-curing exposure resulted in significantly higher DC values compared to 3 s (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Ambar APS Ortho exhibited superior performance in both SBS and DC, for both 3 s and 10 s light-curing times as well as IT or AT, supporting its reliability for bonding metallic orthodontic brackets.

Graphical Abstract