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Objectives <p>Digitally enabled straightwire lingual systems aim to simplify lingual orthodontics, but evidence based on objective indices remains limited.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective observational study included 200 adults treated with fixed appliances and allocated into 4 equal groups (<i>n</i> = 50 each): lingual nonextraction, lingual extraction, labial nonextraction, and labial extraction. Pretreatment severity was scored using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Discrepancy Index (DI), and posttreatment finishing was assessed using the ABO Objective Grading System (OGS) cast–radiograph evaluation. Baseline characteristics were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. OGS total and treatment duration were analyzed using covariate-adjusted ANCOVA via multiple linear regression with an appliance-by-extraction interaction, using heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors.</p> Results <p>Pretreatment DI total did not differ significantly among the 4 groups (<i>P</i> = 0.149). Mean OGS totals were 17.3 ± 4.5 (lingual nonextraction), 15.7 ± 4.3 (lingual extraction), 16.7 ± 4.4 (labial nonextraction), and 16.2 ± 5.7 (labial extraction). All cases had OGS totals ≤ 25. In adjusted analyses, OGS total showed no significant main effects of appliance type or extraction protocol and no significant interaction (all <i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). Treatment duration was longer with lingual than labial appliances (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and longer in extraction than nonextraction protocols (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), with no significant interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.100).</p> Conclusion <p>Digital straightwire lingual treatment achieved posttreatment ABO-OGS outcomes comparable to labial fixed appliances in adults, while requiring longer treatment duration; extraction therapy was also associated with longer treatment time.</p> Clinical relevance <p>For adult patients seeking an esthetic appliance, digitally enabled straightwire lingual treatment can deliver outcomes comparable to labial appliances.</p>

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Clinical outcomes of digital straightwire lingual versus labial fixed appliances assessed with American Board of Orthodontics indices: a retrospective cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Viet Anh Nguyen,
  • Thi Trang Nguyen,
  • Truong Nhu Ngoc Vo,
  • Minh Son Tong,
  • Thuy Anh Nguyen

摘要

Objectives

Digitally enabled straightwire lingual systems aim to simplify lingual orthodontics, but evidence based on objective indices remains limited.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included 200 adults treated with fixed appliances and allocated into 4 equal groups (n = 50 each): lingual nonextraction, lingual extraction, labial nonextraction, and labial extraction. Pretreatment severity was scored using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Discrepancy Index (DI), and posttreatment finishing was assessed using the ABO Objective Grading System (OGS) cast–radiograph evaluation. Baseline characteristics were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. OGS total and treatment duration were analyzed using covariate-adjusted ANCOVA via multiple linear regression with an appliance-by-extraction interaction, using heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors.

Results

Pretreatment DI total did not differ significantly among the 4 groups (P = 0.149). Mean OGS totals were 17.3 ± 4.5 (lingual nonextraction), 15.7 ± 4.3 (lingual extraction), 16.7 ± 4.4 (labial nonextraction), and 16.2 ± 5.7 (labial extraction). All cases had OGS totals ≤ 25. In adjusted analyses, OGS total showed no significant main effects of appliance type or extraction protocol and no significant interaction (all P > 0.05). Treatment duration was longer with lingual than labial appliances (P = 0.003) and longer in extraction than nonextraction protocols (P < 0.001), with no significant interaction (P = 0.100).

Conclusion

Digital straightwire lingual treatment achieved posttreatment ABO-OGS outcomes comparable to labial fixed appliances in adults, while requiring longer treatment duration; extraction therapy was also associated with longer treatment time.

Clinical relevance

For adult patients seeking an esthetic appliance, digitally enabled straightwire lingual treatment can deliver outcomes comparable to labial appliances.