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Background <p>Measuring intraoral pH is a factor in determining the pathogenicity of processes. Until now, been continuous pH measurement over a period of 96&#xa0;h in parallel (saliva [S]) and established biofilm [B]) has not been feasible. This exploratory study aimed to develop a method for continuous, wireless pH monitoring of both S and B.</p> Methods <p>A wireless device with integrated pH probes was used to measure SpH and BpH in 12 participants (average age 24.28 ± 2.77 years) over a period of 96&#xa0;h. Participants drank a glucose solution at three specified measurement points (G0: Baseline, G1: Glucose decline, G2: 30&#xa0;min after drinking) and the 24-hour periods within the 96-hour measurement period were evaluated. The device was removed during meals and while brushing teeth.</p> Results <p>Glucose intake significantly reduced pH in both (S + B) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). SpH was significantly higher (G0/ G1/ G2: 6.29 ± 0.29/ 5.55 ± 0.33/ 5.79 ± 0.32) than in BpH (G0/ G1/ G2: 6.03 ± 0.33/ 5.34 ± 0.41/ G2: 5.56 ± 0.32) at all three selected measurement points (p-value at G0/ G1/ G2: <i>p</i> = 0.003/ <i>p</i> = 0.005/ <i>p</i> = 0.002). Regardless of glucose intake, no statistical difference was found between SpH (0–24&#xa0;h/ 24–48&#xa0;h/ 48–72&#xa0;h/ 72–96&#xa0;h: 5.86 ± 0.41/ 5.75 ± 0.37/ 5.92 ± 0.38/ 5.90 ± 0.31), BpH (5.60 ± 0.52/ 5.59 ± 0.29/ 5.77 ± 0.39/ 5.70 ± 0.46) in the time periods (p-value 0–24&#xa0;h/ 24–48&#xa0;h/ 48–72&#xa0;h/ 72–96&#xa0;h: <i>p</i> = 0.09/ <i>p</i> = 0.27/ <i>p</i> = 0.40/ <i>p</i> = 0.27).</p> Conclusions <p>The study design offers the possibility to continuously measure the pH value in S and B in the oral cavity over a period of 96&#xa0;h.</p> Clinical relevance <p>This wireless method developed for measuring pH in S and B can collect data under everyday conditions and has the potential to become a patient-friendly approach for pH monitoring in the future.</p>

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A new method for continuous in vivo pH measurement in saliva and oral biofilm - a comparative pilot study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Antje Geiken,
  • Ariel Salomon Gutman,
  • Niklas Röder,
  • Louise Holtmann,
  • Christian Graetz,
  • Karin Schwarz,
  • Christof E. Dörfer

摘要

Background

Measuring intraoral pH is a factor in determining the pathogenicity of processes. Until now, been continuous pH measurement over a period of 96 h in parallel (saliva [S]) and established biofilm [B]) has not been feasible. This exploratory study aimed to develop a method for continuous, wireless pH monitoring of both S and B.

Methods

A wireless device with integrated pH probes was used to measure SpH and BpH in 12 participants (average age 24.28 ± 2.77 years) over a period of 96 h. Participants drank a glucose solution at three specified measurement points (G0: Baseline, G1: Glucose decline, G2: 30 min after drinking) and the 24-hour periods within the 96-hour measurement period were evaluated. The device was removed during meals and while brushing teeth.

Results

Glucose intake significantly reduced pH in both (S + B) (p < 0.001). SpH was significantly higher (G0/ G1/ G2: 6.29 ± 0.29/ 5.55 ± 0.33/ 5.79 ± 0.32) than in BpH (G0/ G1/ G2: 6.03 ± 0.33/ 5.34 ± 0.41/ G2: 5.56 ± 0.32) at all three selected measurement points (p-value at G0/ G1/ G2: p = 0.003/ p = 0.005/ p = 0.002). Regardless of glucose intake, no statistical difference was found between SpH (0–24 h/ 24–48 h/ 48–72 h/ 72–96 h: 5.86 ± 0.41/ 5.75 ± 0.37/ 5.92 ± 0.38/ 5.90 ± 0.31), BpH (5.60 ± 0.52/ 5.59 ± 0.29/ 5.77 ± 0.39/ 5.70 ± 0.46) in the time periods (p-value 0–24 h/ 24–48 h/ 48–72 h/ 72–96 h: p = 0.09/ p = 0.27/ p = 0.40/ p = 0.27).

Conclusions

The study design offers the possibility to continuously measure the pH value in S and B in the oral cavity over a period of 96 h.

Clinical relevance

This wireless method developed for measuring pH in S and B can collect data under everyday conditions and has the potential to become a patient-friendly approach for pH monitoring in the future.