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Objectives <p>To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the subgingival biofilm of COVID-19 individuals and its association with generalized gingivitis.</p> Materials and methods <p>A pool of subgingival biofilm samples was collected from 80 individuals, 59 with and 21 without COVID-19, after periodontal diagnosis (classified as periodontally healthy or generalized gingivitis). Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by qRT-PCR. Binary logistic regression and Mann-Whitney test were applied to evaluate associations between the presence and amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the biofilm and the presence of gingivitis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the subgingival biofilm of 35.6% (<i>n</i> = 21) of individuals with COVID-19 but not in individuals without COVID-19. In the COVID-19 group, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in periodontally healthy individuals (47.6%) and those with gingivitis (52.4%). After adjusting for covariates, SARS-CoV-2 in dental biofilm was associated with 7.25-fold higher odds of generalized gingivitis (OR = 7.25; 95% CI: 1.41–37.33; <i>p</i> = 0.02).</p> Conclusion <p>SARS-CoV-2 was detected in subgingival biofilms of COVID-19-positive individuals and was associated with an increased chance of gingivitis, providing preliminary evidence of a potential role of the virus in gingival inflammation. However, a bidirectional relationship may be present, as gingival inflammation could also create a more favorable environment for viral colonization of the subgingival biofilm.</p> Clinical Relevance <p>Maintaining periodontal health during and after COVID-19 infection may be important not only for oral well-being but also for mitigating viral persistence and its inflammatory effects.</p>

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The association between gingivitis and SARS-CoV-2 colonization of subgingival biofilm in COVID-19 individuals: a cross-sectional preliminary study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

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  • Tayane da Rocha Costa Coelho,
  • Luciana Machion Shaddox,
  • Guilherme Nunes de Carvalho,
  • Denis Damião Costa,
  • Sara Nunes Vaz,
  • Carlos Brites,
  • Jean Nunes dos Santos,
  • Daniel Araki Araki Ribeiro,
  • Patricia Ramos Cury

摘要

Objectives

To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the subgingival biofilm of COVID-19 individuals and its association with generalized gingivitis.

Materials and methods

A pool of subgingival biofilm samples was collected from 80 individuals, 59 with and 21 without COVID-19, after periodontal diagnosis (classified as periodontally healthy or generalized gingivitis). Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by qRT-PCR. Binary logistic regression and Mann-Whitney test were applied to evaluate associations between the presence and amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the biofilm and the presence of gingivitis (p < 0.05).

Results

SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the subgingival biofilm of 35.6% (n = 21) of individuals with COVID-19 but not in individuals without COVID-19. In the COVID-19 group, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in periodontally healthy individuals (47.6%) and those with gingivitis (52.4%). After adjusting for covariates, SARS-CoV-2 in dental biofilm was associated with 7.25-fold higher odds of generalized gingivitis (OR = 7.25; 95% CI: 1.41–37.33; p = 0.02).

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 was detected in subgingival biofilms of COVID-19-positive individuals and was associated with an increased chance of gingivitis, providing preliminary evidence of a potential role of the virus in gingival inflammation. However, a bidirectional relationship may be present, as gingival inflammation could also create a more favorable environment for viral colonization of the subgingival biofilm.

Clinical Relevance

Maintaining periodontal health during and after COVID-19 infection may be important not only for oral well-being but also for mitigating viral persistence and its inflammatory effects.