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<p>The evaluation of ship maneuverability in shallow water is crucial for ensuring the safe navigation of surface vessels in coastal areas, harbors, and canals. Among various maneuvering prediction methods, this study directly simulates free-running maneuvers using an in-house viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, referred to as free-run CFD. The objectives are to assess the solver’s capability in handling free-run CFD and to analyze the effects of shallow water on ship maneuverability. The study focuses on the KCS container ship operating at three different water depths, with depth-to-draft ratios as low as 1.2. The free-run CFD simulations replicate ±35° turning and ±20/20 zig-zag maneuvers, and the results are compared in detail with the latest experimental data. The findings indicate that free-run CFD accurately predicts turning and zig-zag performance across all tested water depths. As water depth decreases, the estimated turning radius increases, while the overshoot angle decreases—both of which align with the well-known course-stabilizing effects of shallow water. Additionally, the ship maintains an inward heel even during steady turning, particularly in shallow water, likely due to an asymmetrically developed negative pressure region on the starboard side beneath the hull. Although improvements are needed in the computational accuracy of roll motion and rudder normal force estimation in deep water, the study demonstrates the significant potential of free-run CFD as a promising method for predicting ship maneuverability in shallow water.</p>

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6DoF free-run CFD and its comparison with experimental data: turning and zig-zag maneuvers of KCS in shallow water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Nobuaki Sakamoto,
  • Hironori Yasukawa,
  • Masanari Kagamizono,
  • Masaaki Sano,
  • Takuya Ohmori,
  • Kunihide Ohashi

摘要

The evaluation of ship maneuverability in shallow water is crucial for ensuring the safe navigation of surface vessels in coastal areas, harbors, and canals. Among various maneuvering prediction methods, this study directly simulates free-running maneuvers using an in-house viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, referred to as free-run CFD. The objectives are to assess the solver’s capability in handling free-run CFD and to analyze the effects of shallow water on ship maneuverability. The study focuses on the KCS container ship operating at three different water depths, with depth-to-draft ratios as low as 1.2. The free-run CFD simulations replicate ±35° turning and ±20/20 zig-zag maneuvers, and the results are compared in detail with the latest experimental data. The findings indicate that free-run CFD accurately predicts turning and zig-zag performance across all tested water depths. As water depth decreases, the estimated turning radius increases, while the overshoot angle decreases—both of which align with the well-known course-stabilizing effects of shallow water. Additionally, the ship maintains an inward heel even during steady turning, particularly in shallow water, likely due to an asymmetrically developed negative pressure region on the starboard side beneath the hull. Although improvements are needed in the computational accuracy of roll motion and rudder normal force estimation in deep water, the study demonstrates the significant potential of free-run CFD as a promising method for predicting ship maneuverability in shallow water.