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Background <p>Compartment syndrome (CS) always constitutes a&#xa0;medical emergency. The most frequent causes are traumatic and involve the extremities. In vascular medicine, acute nontraumatic CS (NTCS) of the extremities (NTCSE) is of particular importance, especially after acute limb ischemia, as it jeopardizes the success of effective revascularization.</p> Objective <p>This paper aims to provide a&#xa0;current overview of NTCSE. With a&#xa0;focus on the diagnostics and treatment, potential innovations are addressed. Part&#xa0;1 covers the pathophysiology and diagnostics.</p> Material and methods <p>A&#xa0;systematic literature search was conducted as the basis for a&#xa0;qualitative review.</p> Results <p>Besides a&#xa0;number of other, sometimes rare, etiologies, NTCSE most commonly results from reperfusion following effective revascularization for the treatment of acute limb ischemia. The pathophysiology is based on the positive feedback between pathological pressure increase in the compartment and reduction of microcirculation with subsequent ischemia. The timely diagnosis based on the medical history, clinical examination and pressure measurement as well as emergency treatment by complete dermatofasciotomy to relieve pressure on all affected compartments, remain essential for the successful management of NTCSE. Innovations are primarily of a&#xa0;potentially diagnostically relevant or, for the time being, more experimental nature.</p> Conclusion <p>The diagnostic and therapeutic management of NTCSE is established; however, experimental and clinical data on NTCSE at a&#xa0;higher level of evidence are still lacking and should be the subject of further studies.</p>

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Das nicht traumatische Kompartmentsyndrom der Extremitäten – Teil 1

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Ralph-Ingo Rückert,
  • Ehsan Aliahmadi

摘要

Background

Compartment syndrome (CS) always constitutes a medical emergency. The most frequent causes are traumatic and involve the extremities. In vascular medicine, acute nontraumatic CS (NTCS) of the extremities (NTCSE) is of particular importance, especially after acute limb ischemia, as it jeopardizes the success of effective revascularization.

Objective

This paper aims to provide a current overview of NTCSE. With a focus on the diagnostics and treatment, potential innovations are addressed. Part 1 covers the pathophysiology and diagnostics.

Material and methods

A systematic literature search was conducted as the basis for a qualitative review.

Results

Besides a number of other, sometimes rare, etiologies, NTCSE most commonly results from reperfusion following effective revascularization for the treatment of acute limb ischemia. The pathophysiology is based on the positive feedback between pathological pressure increase in the compartment and reduction of microcirculation with subsequent ischemia. The timely diagnosis based on the medical history, clinical examination and pressure measurement as well as emergency treatment by complete dermatofasciotomy to relieve pressure on all affected compartments, remain essential for the successful management of NTCSE. Innovations are primarily of a potentially diagnostically relevant or, for the time being, more experimental nature.

Conclusion

The diagnostic and therapeutic management of NTCSE is established; however, experimental and clinical data on NTCSE at a higher level of evidence are still lacking and should be the subject of further studies.