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<p>The Hippocratic theory of the four humours and the humoral pathology based on it shaped ancient medicine in a&#xa0;sustainable manner. An excess of bad humours was considered the cause of many serious diseases. To relieve the body, besides other cathartic measures, phlebotomy was applied. The intervention was preceded by a&#xa0;physical examination, including the inspection of a&#xa0;blood sample. The decision in favour of the intervention was essentially made with caution. The list of indications was long and led by fever, diseases of the lungs, oedema, pharyngitis, headache, and melancholy. All patients were carefully prepared for the intervention. The incisions were generally performed at the greatest possible distance from the affected body part. A&#xa0;number of patients had so much blood removed that they temporarily lost consciousness. A&#xa0;few did not survive the procedure. Often, the treatment success was delayed. In their case reports, Hippocrates of Kos and Galen of Pergamum provided detailed information about the post-intervention course of patients from all social classes.</p>

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Die Phlebotomie in der griechisch-römischen Antike als Teilaspekt einer invasiven Gefäßmedizin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Werner Golder,
  • Waltraud Golder

摘要

The Hippocratic theory of the four humours and the humoral pathology based on it shaped ancient medicine in a sustainable manner. An excess of bad humours was considered the cause of many serious diseases. To relieve the body, besides other cathartic measures, phlebotomy was applied. The intervention was preceded by a physical examination, including the inspection of a blood sample. The decision in favour of the intervention was essentially made with caution. The list of indications was long and led by fever, diseases of the lungs, oedema, pharyngitis, headache, and melancholy. All patients were carefully prepared for the intervention. The incisions were generally performed at the greatest possible distance from the affected body part. A number of patients had so much blood removed that they temporarily lost consciousness. A few did not survive the procedure. Often, the treatment success was delayed. In their case reports, Hippocrates of Kos and Galen of Pergamum provided detailed information about the post-intervention course of patients from all social classes.