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<p>This study demonstrates that it is possible to assess and visualize the thermal impacts of urban subsurface structures on a&#xa0;groundwater system, using the city of Münster (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) as an example. Ongoing urbanization increasingly leads to subsurface use conflicts, particularly due to thermal stress from buildings, underground garages, sewer systems, and sealed surfaces. The aim was to quantify these effects using geological, hydrogeological, and thermal datasets and to visualize them in 4D using monthly-resolved 3D subsurface models. Heat fluxes were calculated based on temperature profiles and Fourier’s law of heat conduction. The results indicate the presence of distinct subsurface urban heat islands (SUHI) in densely built-up areas, whereas water bodies and green spaces partly exhibit cooling effects. Buildings account for approximately 90% of the positive heat input into groundwater, especially in areas with shallow water tables. The presented methodology forms a&#xa0;foundation for further in-depth analyses and supports sustainable thermal groundwater management in urban environments.</p>

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Thermische Beeinflussung der urbanen Untergrundstrukturen am Beispiel der Grundwassersysteme in Münster (NRW)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Christopher Zumdick,
  • Patricia Göbel

摘要

This study demonstrates that it is possible to assess and visualize the thermal impacts of urban subsurface structures on a groundwater system, using the city of Münster (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) as an example. Ongoing urbanization increasingly leads to subsurface use conflicts, particularly due to thermal stress from buildings, underground garages, sewer systems, and sealed surfaces. The aim was to quantify these effects using geological, hydrogeological, and thermal datasets and to visualize them in 4D using monthly-resolved 3D subsurface models. Heat fluxes were calculated based on temperature profiles and Fourier’s law of heat conduction. The results indicate the presence of distinct subsurface urban heat islands (SUHI) in densely built-up areas, whereas water bodies and green spaces partly exhibit cooling effects. Buildings account for approximately 90% of the positive heat input into groundwater, especially in areas with shallow water tables. The presented methodology forms a foundation for further in-depth analyses and supports sustainable thermal groundwater management in urban environments.