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<p>Quality control is crucial in Ayurvedic formulations, and chemotaxonomic studies help in quality regulation and identification of superior-quality raw material. The present study deals with chemotaxonomic studies of <i>Solanum xanthocarpum</i> Schrad. &amp; Wendl. collected from different locations of Central India on the basis of five steroidal alkaloid contents quantified by a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The separation of metabolites was done in mobile phase containing <i>n</i>-propanol:ethyl acetate:10% glacial acetic acid in water (4:8:3, <i>V/V</i>) for solasonine, solamargine, and khasianine and toluene:ethyl acetate:diethylamine (6:2:0.3, <i>V/V</i>) for solasodine and diosgenin. The standards were separated efficiently at <i>R</i><sub>F</sub> values 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.22 ± 0.02, and 0.31 ± 0.02 for solasonine, solamargine, and khasianine, respectively; and 0.38 ± 0.04 and 0.50 ± 0.03 for solasodine and diosgenin, respectively. The developed method was linearly calibrated at 0.2‒1&#xa0;µg/spot. The limits of quantification and detection ranged from 0.029 to 0.16&#xa0;µg and 0.009 to 0.053&#xa0;µg, respectively. Recovery of analytes varied from 98.41% to 100.34%, and the method precision (i.e., intraday and interday) was within the limit specified by the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. The maximum contents of solamargine, solasodine, and diosgenin were found in NBSx-32, whereas NBSx-20 and NBSx-27 had the highest content of solasonine and khasianine. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis showed NBSx-32 as an elite chemotype for four biomarker compounds, but not for khasianine. This study explores high-metabolite-containing <i>S. xanthocarpum</i> chemotype(s), facilitating the sourcing of quality raw material for herbal industries. This study also provides leads for&#xa0;quality planting material of <i>S. xanthocarpum</i> for location-specific cultivation.</p>

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High-performance thin-layer chromatography-guided chemotaxonomic studies of pharmacologically active steroidal alkaloids in Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. collected from Central India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Deepali Tripathi,
  • Mridul Kant Chaudhary,
  • Ankita Misra,
  • Malvika Srivastava,
  • Sharad Srivastava

摘要

Quality control is crucial in Ayurvedic formulations, and chemotaxonomic studies help in quality regulation and identification of superior-quality raw material. The present study deals with chemotaxonomic studies of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. collected from different locations of Central India on the basis of five steroidal alkaloid contents quantified by a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The separation of metabolites was done in mobile phase containing n-propanol:ethyl acetate:10% glacial acetic acid in water (4:8:3, V/V) for solasonine, solamargine, and khasianine and toluene:ethyl acetate:diethylamine (6:2:0.3, V/V) for solasodine and diosgenin. The standards were separated efficiently at RF values 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.22 ± 0.02, and 0.31 ± 0.02 for solasonine, solamargine, and khasianine, respectively; and 0.38 ± 0.04 and 0.50 ± 0.03 for solasodine and diosgenin, respectively. The developed method was linearly calibrated at 0.2‒1 µg/spot. The limits of quantification and detection ranged from 0.029 to 0.16 µg and 0.009 to 0.053 µg, respectively. Recovery of analytes varied from 98.41% to 100.34%, and the method precision (i.e., intraday and interday) was within the limit specified by the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. The maximum contents of solamargine, solasodine, and diosgenin were found in NBSx-32, whereas NBSx-20 and NBSx-27 had the highest content of solasonine and khasianine. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis showed NBSx-32 as an elite chemotype for four biomarker compounds, but not for khasianine. This study explores high-metabolite-containing S. xanthocarpum chemotype(s), facilitating the sourcing of quality raw material for herbal industries. This study also provides leads for quality planting material of S. xanthocarpum for location-specific cultivation.