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<p>Therapeutic vaccination strategies in neuro-oncology are undergoing continuous clinical and technological development despite the absence of regulatory approval. Progress is driven by an improved understanding of the immunological characteristics of the central nervous system (CNS). Various vaccination modalities, including peptide-based, nucleic acid-based, dendritic cell-based, and personalized approaches, have been investigated mainly in early phase clinical studies in glioblastoma and other gliomas. Programs targeting tumor-specific, tumor-associated, or multiple antigens consistently demonstrate feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity, while also highlighting limitations related to antigen heterogeneity, antigen loss, and limited functional persistence of peripheral or intratumoral immune responses. Monovalent vaccine strategies are now being further developed for only a&#xa0;few selected targets. In contrast, ongoing technological advances enable multiepitope and more personalized approaches.</p>

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Therapeutische Vakzinierungsstrategien in der Neuroonkologie

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Philipp Koopmann,
  • Katharina Sahm,
  • Lukas Bunse

摘要

Therapeutic vaccination strategies in neuro-oncology are undergoing continuous clinical and technological development despite the absence of regulatory approval. Progress is driven by an improved understanding of the immunological characteristics of the central nervous system (CNS). Various vaccination modalities, including peptide-based, nucleic acid-based, dendritic cell-based, and personalized approaches, have been investigated mainly in early phase clinical studies in glioblastoma and other gliomas. Programs targeting tumor-specific, tumor-associated, or multiple antigens consistently demonstrate feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity, while also highlighting limitations related to antigen heterogeneity, antigen loss, and limited functional persistence of peripheral or intratumoral immune responses. Monovalent vaccine strategies are now being further developed for only a few selected targets. In contrast, ongoing technological advances enable multiepitope and more personalized approaches.