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<p>Uveal melanomas account for only about 5% of all melanoma diagnoses; however, they metastasize in roughly half of cases and then have a&#xa0;particularly poor prognosis. The risk of metastasis depends on the extent of the tumor (American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC, stage) as well as on genetic characteristics such as the presence of monosomy&#xa0;3. Metastases are found predominantly in the liver, but can also occur extrahepatically, for example in the lungs or bones. Because of the hepatic predominance, local liver-directed therapies are considered in addition to systemic therapies. These approaches can achieve local disease control; however, randomized studies have not shown an improvement in overall survival. In contrast, immunotherapies have succeeded in prolonging survival even in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status, treatment includes the bispecific T‑cell engager tebentafusp and/or immune checkpoint blockade in combination with a&#xa0;local liver-directed procedure. In clinical trials, a&#xa0;wide range of additional therapeutic strategies are currently being tested, raising hope that the prognosis of patients with metastatic uveal melanoma will improve in the long term.</p>

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Uveamelanom

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Jessica C. Hassel

摘要

Uveal melanomas account for only about 5% of all melanoma diagnoses; however, they metastasize in roughly half of cases and then have a particularly poor prognosis. The risk of metastasis depends on the extent of the tumor (American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC, stage) as well as on genetic characteristics such as the presence of monosomy 3. Metastases are found predominantly in the liver, but can also occur extrahepatically, for example in the lungs or bones. Because of the hepatic predominance, local liver-directed therapies are considered in addition to systemic therapies. These approaches can achieve local disease control; however, randomized studies have not shown an improvement in overall survival. In contrast, immunotherapies have succeeded in prolonging survival even in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status, treatment includes the bispecific T‑cell engager tebentafusp and/or immune checkpoint blockade in combination with a local liver-directed procedure. In clinical trials, a wide range of additional therapeutic strategies are currently being tested, raising hope that the prognosis of patients with metastatic uveal melanoma will improve in the long term.