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<p>The term adenoma-carcinoma sequence describes the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) via adenomatous precursors. Over 90% of CRCs develop from adenomas, with mutated genes such as <i>APC</i>, <i>KRAS</i> and <i>TP53</i> playing a&#xa0;decisive role in a&#xa0;complex multistage process. The Wnt signaling pathway is of particular importance here. The EGFR signaling pathway, which is altered by mutations in the <i>RAS</i> and <i>BRAF</i> genes, is also affected in many CRCs and can lead to resistance to EGFR inhibitors. In addition mutations in the TGF-β-signaling pathway also contribute to tumor development by cell proliferation and apoptosis. An alternative pathway of carcinogenesis is microsatellite instability (MSI), which can be associated with Lynch syndrome, but more frequently occurs sporadically. Molecular classifications such as the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) offer promising approaches for the prognosis and personalized therapy of CRC.</p>

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Molekulare Pathogenese des kolorektalen Karzinoms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Jens Neumann

摘要

The term adenoma-carcinoma sequence describes the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) via adenomatous precursors. Over 90% of CRCs develop from adenomas, with mutated genes such as APC, KRAS and TP53 playing a decisive role in a complex multistage process. The Wnt signaling pathway is of particular importance here. The EGFR signaling pathway, which is altered by mutations in the RAS and BRAF genes, is also affected in many CRCs and can lead to resistance to EGFR inhibitors. In addition mutations in the TGF-β-signaling pathway also contribute to tumor development by cell proliferation and apoptosis. An alternative pathway of carcinogenesis is microsatellite instability (MSI), which can be associated with Lynch syndrome, but more frequently occurs sporadically. Molecular classifications such as the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) offer promising approaches for the prognosis and personalized therapy of CRC.