Background <p>Many cancer patients experience psychological distress during the course of their illness, which can have a&#xa0;long-term impact on their quality of life and treatment. Identifying and addressing these psychosocial stressors is an important task of multidisciplinary oncological care. Psycho-oncological screening has proven to be an efficient method of identification.</p> Objective <p>The aim of this work is to describe the existing screening processes (including the measurements instruments used) and treatment pathways. A&#xa0;review of relevant German-language literature on the subject of psycho-oncological screening was carried out in order to summarize current findings and practical approaches.</p> Results <p>Screening for psychological distress is useful in order to provide needs-based and targeted psycho-oncological care. However, comprehensive implementation of psycho-oncological screening in oncological care is still lacking. There are considerable differences in the implementation, responsibility, data integration, and evaluation of psycho-oncological screening.</p> Conclusion <p>Psycho-oncological screening is part of standard multiprofessional, patient-centered oncological care. Clear structures, regulated procedures and treatment pathways, transparent responsibilities, and sufficient human resources are essential for comprehensive screening. This is the only way to ensure the best possible and most comprehensive care for oncology patients.</p>