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<p>The annual incidence of ovarian cancer is around 7200&#xa0;cases in Germany. Due to the lack of effective screening measures, diagnosis is delayed, and patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. This is one of the reasons why ovarian cancer is responsible for half of all deaths from female genital cancers. Both genetic and nongenetic factors are responsible for the development of cancer. Around one in four women develop hereditary ovarian cancer. This is caused, for example, by congenital sequence variants in risk genes such as <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i>. More rarely, the genetic diseases are polygenic and can be explained by the interaction between low-risk variants (polygenic risk score). Nongenetic factors that influence the risk of ovarian cancer include, for example, the number of child births, hormonal contraceptives, tubal ligation, and endometriosis. For women with a&#xa0;hereditary increased risk of ovarian cancer, primary prevention in the sense of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the main focus. The basis for a&#xa0;decision on such an intervention is a&#xa0;personalized risk prediction that includes genetic and nongenetic factors. Information tailored to target groups, decision-making support such as decision aids, and decision coaching enable informed self-determined decisions on how to deal with the risk of ovarian cancer.</p>

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Ovarialkarzinom – Genetik und Prävention

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Kerstin Rhiem,
  • Jan Hauke,
  • Anja Tüchler,
  • Rita Schmutzler

摘要

The annual incidence of ovarian cancer is around 7200 cases in Germany. Due to the lack of effective screening measures, diagnosis is delayed, and patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. This is one of the reasons why ovarian cancer is responsible for half of all deaths from female genital cancers. Both genetic and nongenetic factors are responsible for the development of cancer. Around one in four women develop hereditary ovarian cancer. This is caused, for example, by congenital sequence variants in risk genes such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. More rarely, the genetic diseases are polygenic and can be explained by the interaction between low-risk variants (polygenic risk score). Nongenetic factors that influence the risk of ovarian cancer include, for example, the number of child births, hormonal contraceptives, tubal ligation, and endometriosis. For women with a hereditary increased risk of ovarian cancer, primary prevention in the sense of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the main focus. The basis for a decision on such an intervention is a personalized risk prediction that includes genetic and nongenetic factors. Information tailored to target groups, decision-making support such as decision aids, and decision coaching enable informed self-determined decisions on how to deal with the risk of ovarian cancer.