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Background <p>Ovarian cancer comprises a&#xa0;heterogeneous group of malignant epithelial tumors with substantial differences in histology, molecular pathology, and therapeutic options.</p> Objective <p>This review describes the histopathological and molecular characteristics of the most common ovarian cancers, with a&#xa0;particular focus on clinically relevant diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.</p> Materials and methods <p>The review comprises a systematic presentation of the major histological subtypes based on the current literature pertaining to pathogenesis, morphology, immunohistochemical profiles, and molecular biomarkers and their clinical significance.</p> Results <p>Low-grade serous ovarian cancers exhibit low-grade morphology and p53-wildtype patterns, whereas high-grade serous ovarian cancers are characterized by <i>TP53</i> mutations and frequent homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Mucinous carcinomas frequently show <i>KRAS</i> and <i>ERBB2</i> alterations; endometrioid carcinomas can be divided into prognostic molecular subgroups. Clear cell carcinomas typically harbor <i>ARID1A</i> and <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations. Biomarkers such as HER2, FRα, and HRD offer new therapeutic opportunities.</p> Conclusion <p>The combination of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular pathological parameters is essential for precise diagnosis and increasingly enables personalized therapeutic approaches in ovarian cancer.</p>

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Pathologie des Ovarialkarzinoms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Ramona Erber

摘要

Background

Ovarian cancer comprises a heterogeneous group of malignant epithelial tumors with substantial differences in histology, molecular pathology, and therapeutic options.

Objective

This review describes the histopathological and molecular characteristics of the most common ovarian cancers, with a particular focus on clinically relevant diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Materials and methods

The review comprises a systematic presentation of the major histological subtypes based on the current literature pertaining to pathogenesis, morphology, immunohistochemical profiles, and molecular biomarkers and their clinical significance.

Results

Low-grade serous ovarian cancers exhibit low-grade morphology and p53-wildtype patterns, whereas high-grade serous ovarian cancers are characterized by TP53 mutations and frequent homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Mucinous carcinomas frequently show KRAS and ERBB2 alterations; endometrioid carcinomas can be divided into prognostic molecular subgroups. Clear cell carcinomas typically harbor ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations. Biomarkers such as HER2, FRα, and HRD offer new therapeutic opportunities.

Conclusion

The combination of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular pathological parameters is essential for precise diagnosis and increasingly enables personalized therapeutic approaches in ovarian cancer.