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Background <p>The histopathological diagnosis of common breast neoplasms such as invasive breast cancer is routine. However, rare breast lesions, including epithelial, mesenchymal, or hematolymphoid neoplasms, as well as metastases of extramammary malignancies, pose diagnostic challenges.</p> Objective <p>This review is dedicated to the characterization of rare breast tumors and their differential diagnoses, in order to facilitate their diagnostic and therapeutic classification.</p> Materials and methods <p>In addition to clinical and radiological features, the main focus is on morphological characteristics of rare mammary lesions as well as specific diagnostic approaches and differential diagnoses. A&#xa0;selective literature search was carried out.</p> Results <p>Rare (myo)epithelial neoplasms include benign tubular, lactating, and ductal adenomas or adenomyoepitheliomas. Salivary-gland-like cancers are often immunohistochemically “triple negative” and sometimes show characteristic genetic alterations. Rare mesenchymal lesions include nodular fasciitis, leiomyomas, or peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Primary lymphomas of the breast are rare. Metastases in the breast from extramammary primary tumors require immunohistochemical and, if necessary, molecular pathological examinations.</p> Conclusion <p>Rare tumors of the breast require a&#xa0;high degree of diagnostic care. Interdisciplinary case discussions and, if necessary, more comprehensive diagnostics are essential in order to avoid misinterpretations and develop adequate treatment strategies.</p>

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Seltene Mammatumoren – Eine Herausforderung in der Diagnostik

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月29日

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  • Ramona Erber

摘要

Background

The histopathological diagnosis of common breast neoplasms such as invasive breast cancer is routine. However, rare breast lesions, including epithelial, mesenchymal, or hematolymphoid neoplasms, as well as metastases of extramammary malignancies, pose diagnostic challenges.

Objective

This review is dedicated to the characterization of rare breast tumors and their differential diagnoses, in order to facilitate their diagnostic and therapeutic classification.

Materials and methods

In addition to clinical and radiological features, the main focus is on morphological characteristics of rare mammary lesions as well as specific diagnostic approaches and differential diagnoses. A selective literature search was carried out.

Results

Rare (myo)epithelial neoplasms include benign tubular, lactating, and ductal adenomas or adenomyoepitheliomas. Salivary-gland-like cancers are often immunohistochemically “triple negative” and sometimes show characteristic genetic alterations. Rare mesenchymal lesions include nodular fasciitis, leiomyomas, or peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Primary lymphomas of the breast are rare. Metastases in the breast from extramammary primary tumors require immunohistochemical and, if necessary, molecular pathological examinations.

Conclusion

Rare tumors of the breast require a high degree of diagnostic care. Interdisciplinary case discussions and, if necessary, more comprehensive diagnostics are essential in order to avoid misinterpretations and develop adequate treatment strategies.