<p>Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks play an important role in modern pain medicine. They serve both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes: therapeutically, they enable targeted and effective analgesia in acute and chronic pain syndromes, while diagnostically, they contribute to the evaluation of complex pain conditions and provide valuable information in challenging differential diagnoses. Their application should always be embedded in multimodal treatment concepts, including physiotherapy, pharmacological therapy, exercise, and psychological support. This article highlights five clinically relevant blocks: the greater occipital nerve block, the suprascapular nerve block, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block, the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve block, and peripheral blocks in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Sonoanatomy and technique are described, and current evidence, guideline recommendations, and clinical case reports illustrate their practical value.</p>