Neuromentale Entwicklungsstörungen: Paradigmenwechsel von ICD-10 zu ICD-11 in der Klassifikation psychischer Störungen
摘要
With the ICD-11, which was published in English in 2018 and essentially came into force in 2022 (although a German translation has not yet been validated), a fundamental reorganization of the previous chapter 6 (F) of the ICD-10 is taking place. In the area of neurodevelopmental disorders in particular, there has been a shift away from the static concept of deficit toward a more dynamic and process-oriented concept of disorder. Mental retardation (ICD-10) thus becomes disorder of intellectual development, with greater emphasis placed on adaptive functioning rather than purely assessing the intelligence quotient. The term autism spectrum disorder has been introduced to replace the previously separate disorders of childhood, atypical, and Asperger autism, and the previous tic disorders are now primarily classified in ICD-11 chapter 08, “Diseases of the nervous system,” as “Primary tics or tic disorders” (8A05.0). In addition, the primarily idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorders in ICD-11 are clearly separated from secondary disorder variants by the newly created subcategory “Secondary neurodevelopmental syndrome” (6E60). This article also illustrates these differences using a realistic case study.